John Frost (pilot)

Infobox Military Person
name= John Everitt Frost
lived= 16 July 1918–16 June 1942 (Missing in action)
placeofbirth=Queenstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
placeofdeath= near Bir Hakeim, Egypt


caption=March/April 1942, Landing Ground 121, Egypt. Major John "Jack" Frost (centre), commander of No. 5 Squadron SAAF, sitting between two of his most experienced pilots, Lieutenant Robin Pare (left) and Captain Andrew Duncan. All three were missing or killed in action by the end of June.
nickname= "Jack"
allegiance=South Africa
serviceyears= 1936 – 1942
rank= Major
branch= South African Air Force
unit= No. 3 Squadron SAAF, (1940-1942)
No. 5 Squadron SAAF (1 March 1942)
commands= No. 5 Squadron SAAF
battles=Second World War
*East African Campaign
*North African Campaign
awards= Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar
laterwork=

John Everitt "Jack" Frost DFC & Bar (born 16 July 1918; Missing in action 16 June 1942) [Thomas 2005, p. 37.] was a South African fighter ace during the Second World War. He was the highest-scoring member of a South African Air Force (SAAF) squadron during the war. South African pilots with higher numbers of kills, such as Pat Pattle and Adolph "Sailor" Malan, were members of the British Royal Air Force.

War time service

Frost joined the the SAAF in 1936, at the age of 18. By 1940 he had achieved the rank of Captain, and was a member of No. 3 Squadron.

East African Campaign

In early 1941, the unit — flying Hawker Hurricanes — was dispatched to combat Italian forces during the East African Campaign. On 22 February 1941, Frost destroyed four Fiat CR.42 fighters, an action for which he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.

On 15 March 1941, Frost was shot down by anti-aircraft fire while strafing Diredawa airfield. His wingman, Lieutenant Bob Kershaw landed his aircraft in a nearby field, while other 3 Sqn pilots fired on Italian infantry attempting to capture the pair. Kershaw escaped in his aircraft with Frost sitting on his lap, an action which won Kershaw the Distinguished Service Order. [Tidy 1970]

The campaign ended effectively in November 1941 with the final defeat of the Italian Forces in East Africa. The squadron returned to South Africa and was disbanded.

North African Campaign

Frost, promoted to Major, was appointed commander of No. 5 Squadron, flying P-40 Kittyhawks. From March 1942 the squadron participated in the North African Campaign, with the Desert Air Force. 5 Sqn joined 2 and 4 Sqns in No. 233 Wing; the main role of the SAAF fighters at the time was highly dangerous bomber escort missions, supporting No. 3 (Bomber) Wing SAAF. [Tidy 1970]

The squadron was assigned to the Sollum-Mersa Matruh sector. On 11 May, Frost and his wingman Lieutenant Ken Whyte shared the destruction of a lone Heinkel He 111 bomber attacking a convoy bound for Malta. Whyte described the action: "I remember our first combat together. While on a shipping patrol we were vectored on to a He 111. Jack made his favourite three-quarter attack which had brought him success in Abyssinia. I attacked from the rear. We each claimed half a share in its destruction. [Thomas 2005, p. 27.] On 16 May, Frost destroyed a Junkers Ju 88, for his ninth victory, but was hit by cannon fire damaging his port elevator. [Thomas 2005, p.33.]

On 28 May 1942, he was involved in a shared victory over a Messerschmitt Bf 109, his first. (The pilot, "Feldwebel" Willi Langer was killed.) At this stage, Frost's total tally stood at 15 Axis aircraft destroyed.

Frost was appointed commander of No. 233 Wing on 31 May, but his replacement at 5 Sqn, Andrew Duncan (see picture), was shot down and killed by "Oberleutnant" Otto Schulz. [Thomas 2005, p. 34.]

On 16 June, whilst escorting Douglas Bostons, Frost and other P-40 pilots encountered Bf 109s from "Jagdgeschwader 27", near Bir Hakeim, Egypt. Rod Hojem, one of the South African pilots involved in this combat commented: "There was one hell of a dogfight, and after it was over I can clearly remember Jack calling up the squadron on the R/T, "Form up chaps I am heading North", and that was the last we heard of him. [Thomas 2005, p.37.] Frost's aircraft and remains have never been found, [Tidy 1970] and his fate remains unclear. Some sources suggest that Frost fell victim to one of the most prominent German aces, Hans-Joachim Marseille, who scored six of his 158 victories that same day. [Wübbe 2001, p. 37.] It has also been suggested that another German "Experte", Günter Steinhausen (who claimed four kills that day) may have shot down Frost. [ Aces of the Luftwaffe ]

References

;Footnotes

;Bibliography
* [http://rapidttp.com/milhist/vol016dt.html D. P. Tidy, "South African Air Aces of World War II", "Military History Journal" v1 n6] . June 1970. (The South African Military History Society)
* [http://www.luftwaffe.cz/steinhausen.html Aces of the Luftwaffe, "Günther Steinhausen, Leutnant"] (2007).
* Thomas, Andrew. "Tomahawk and Kittyhawk Aces of the RAF and Commonwealth". Oxford, England: Osprey Publications, 2005 ISBN 978-1-84176-083-4
* Wübbe, Walter. "Hauptmann Hans Joachim Marseille Ein Jagdfliegerschicksal in Daten, Bildern und Dokumenten" (in German). Schnellbach, Germany: Verlag Siegfried Bublies, 2001. ISBN 3-926584-78-5.

ee also

*Flying ace
*List of top World War II aces
*List of World War II aces from South Africa