Were Ilu

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Were Ilu
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pushpin_label_position = bottom
pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ethiopia
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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = Ethiopia
subdivision_type1 = Region
subdivision_name1 = Amhara
subdivision_type2 = Zone
subdivision_name2 = Debub Wollo
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population_total = 10,062
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timezone = EAT
utc_offset = +3
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latd=10 |latm=36 |latNS=N
longd=39 |longm=26 |longEW=E
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footnotes = Were Ilu (also transliterated Warra Hailu) is a town in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Debub Wollo Zone of the Amhara Region, this town has a latitude and longitude of coord|10|36|N|39|26|E. From the 1870s, Were Ilu had a Thursday market.

The Medhane Alem church, dating from at least from the early 1900s, is a notable local landmark. Empress Zewditu was born at Were Ilu, and Ras Habte Maryam was buried there. [http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/vw/ORTWEN.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 3 January 2008)]

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, this town has an estimated total population of 10,062 of whom 4,942 were men and 5,120 were women. [ [http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics] , Table B.4] The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 5,809 of whom 2,600 were males and 3,209 were females. It is the largest of three towns in Were Ilu woreda.

History

While still ruler of Shewa, Menelik II had a "ketamma" (or fortified camp) built at Were Ilu and Enewari in 1868 to guard his northern frontier and pacify the Wollo Oromo who were his neighbors. [Ref Ethiopia|Marcus-1995|pages= p. 35] In September of the following year, after Menelik had recaptured Maqdala, the Wollo chiefs came to Were Ilu at the Mesqel feast to make formal submission and take an oath of fealty to the king and to Muhammad Ali, whom Menelik had appointed governor of Wollo. [Marcus, "Menelik II", p. 40.]

During the 1870s, Menelik resided at Were Ilu for extended periods. However, while the ruler of Shewa campaigned in Gojjam in early 1877, a rebellion caused by the intregues of his consort Baffana led to Were Ilu being sacked and burned, and forced Menelik to return to Shewa. [Marcus, "Menelik II", pp. 54ff.] Emperor Yohannes IV met with Menelik twice at Were Ilu: the first time in 1878 to accept his fealty; and a second time in 1882 to discipline him for disturbing the peace of Yohannes' realm by fighting with Negus Tekle Haymanot the Battle of Embabo. [Marcus, "Menelik II", pp. 70f.]

After Menelik became Emperor of Ethiopia and moved his capital south to Addis Ababa, Were Ilu declined somewhat in importance. In 1895 it became a supply dump, where the Emperor stored about one and a half million cartridges and thousands of guns, as well as seting up numerous granaries, [Chris Proutky, "Empress Taytu and Menilek II: Ethiopia 1883-1910" (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), p. 132] and it served as an organizing point for Menelik's army at the beginning of the First Italo-Abyssinian War. [Proutky, "Empress Taytu", p. 139.] Although its location led to the telegraph line the Italians constructed between 1902 and 1904 from Asmara south to Addis Ababa passing through the town, and giving it a local telegraph office, Were Ilu was connected north to Molale by only a trail as late as 1962. Branches of the telegraph line led from Were Ilu east to Ankober and west to Gondar through Debre Tabor. [Richard Pankhurst, "Economic History of Ethiopia" (Addis Ababa: Haile Selassie University, 1968), p. 340]

In June 2002, some people were relocated from Were Ilu, north to Badme. This was part of a pilot project in which volunteers were relocated from the crowded Ethiopian highlands to less crowded parts of the country.

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