Joos de Damhouder

Joos de Damhouder (1507-1581), also referred to as Joost, Jost, Josse or Jodocus (de) Damhouder, was a jurist from the Seventeen Provinces, whose works had a lasting influence on European criminal law.

Born in Bruges, de Damhouder studied law in Leuven and Orléans. After obtaining his doctorate in 1533, he practiced law as an advocate in Bruges. In 1537 he was appointed legal advisor of the city authorities, from which office he retired in 1550 to become clerk of the urban criminal court. In 1552 he was made a member of the Dutch Council of Finance by Mary of Habsburg, governor of the Netherlands, and held that office until 1575. He died 1581 in Antwerp, six years after his wife, with whom he had had three daughters and a son.

His principal work was the "Praxis rerum criminalium" (1554), a manual on the practice of criminal law, which he almost entirely plagiarised from an unpublished text by Filips Wielant and from other works. The book was a great success and saw numerous translations in other European languages, partly due to de Damhouder's novel approach of illustrating the various crimes and procedural stages with woodcuts. He later published a complementary work on civil law, the "Praxis rerum civilum" (1567), which was also an unattributed translation of a work by Wielant.

The most immediate impact of de Damhouder's works was on the witch trials of the time, in which the "Praxis rerum criminalium" and its translations were cited regularly as fundamental works. The "Praxis" dedicated a lengthy 64 paragraphs to witchcraft, copied in large part from Paulus Grillandus's "Tractatus de sortilegiis". According to the "Praxis", witchcraft was a heinous crime that went unpunished too often because of the ignorance of magistrates, and which also covered love charms, fortune-telling, astrology and other superstitious practices. De Damhouder expanded on this by providing detailed practical advice (backed up by examples from his own court practice) on how to conduct interrogations of suspected witches under torture. These included, for example, the recommendation to shave off all hair and to inspect all orifices of the suspect, in order to uncover hidden magical amulets that would make the wearer withstand torture.

References

* cite book |last= Feenstra |first= Robert |pages= 159 | chapter= Damhouder, Joos de
editor= Michael Stolleis (ed.) |title= Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert |edition= 2nd edition |year= 2001 |publisher= Beck |location= München |language= German |id= ISBN 3406 45957 9
*

External links

* [http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/view/authors/De_Damhouder,_Josse.html Digitalized works from De Damhouder] - SICD Universities Strasbourg

Persondata
NAME=Joos de Damhouder
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Joost de Damhouder, Jost de Damhouder, Josse de Damhouder, Jodocus de Damhouder, Joost Damhouder, Jost Damhouder, Josse Damhouder, Jodocus Damhouder
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Dutch jurist
DATE OF BIRTH=1507
PLACE OF BIRTH=Bruges
DATE OF DEATH=1581
PLACE OF DEATH=Antwerp