- IGL@
Immunoglobulin lambda locus, also known as IGL@, is a region on human
chromosome 22 that containsgene s for the lambdalight chain s of antibodies (or immunoglobulins).cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IGL@ immunoglobulin lambda locus| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3535| accessdate = ]PBB_Summary
section_title =
summary_text = Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement system. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two classes of light chains, kappa and lambda. This region represents the germline organization of the lambda light chain locus. The locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During B cell development, a recombination event at the DNA level joins a single V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase, and by somatic hypermutation, which occurs during B cell maturation in the spleen and lymph nodes. Several V segments and three C segments are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The locus also includes several non-immunoglobulin genes, many of which are pseudogenes or are predicted by automated computational analysis or homology to other species.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IGL@ immunoglobulin lambda locus| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3535| accessdate = ]References
Further reading
PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Taussig MJ |title=Molecular genetics of immunoglobulins. |journal=Immunology. Supplement |volume=1 |issue= |pages= 7–15 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3133312 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Combriato G, Klobeck HG |title=V lambda and J lambda-C lambda gene segments of the human immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus are separated by 14 kb and rearrange by a deletion mechanism. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=21 |issue= 6 |pages= 1513–22 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1904362 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Vasicek TJ, Leder P |title=Structure and expression of the human immunoglobulin lambda genes. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=172 |issue= 2 |pages= 609–20 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2115572 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Emanuel BS, Cannizzaro LA, Magrath I, "et al." |title=Chromosomal orientation of the lambda light chain locus: V lambda is proximal to C lambda in 22q11. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 381–7 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3923432 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hieter PA, Korsmeyer SJ, Waldmann TA, Leder P |title=Human immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes are deleted or rearranged in lambda-producing B cells. |journal=Nature |volume=290 |issue= 5805 |pages= 368–72 |year= 1981 |pmid= 6783958 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Erikson J, Martinis J, Croce CM |title=Assignment of the genes for human lambda immunoglobulin chains to chromosome 22. |journal=Nature |volume=294 |issue= 5837 |pages= 173–5 |year= 1982 |pmid= 6795508 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McBride OW, Hieter PA, Hollis GF, "et al." |title=Chromosomal location of human kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain constant region genes. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=155 |issue= 5 |pages= 1480–90 |year= 1982 |pmid= 6802926 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Frippiat JP, Williams SC, Tomlinson IM, "et al." |title=Organization of the human immunoglobulin lambda light-chain locus on chromosome 22q11.2. |journal=Hum. Mol. Genet. |volume=4 |issue= 6 |pages= 983–91 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7655473 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Williams SC, Frippiat JP, Tomlinson IM, "et al." |title=Sequence and evolution of the human germline V lambda repertoire. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=264 |issue= 2 |pages= 220–32 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8951372 |doi= 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0636
*cite journal | author=Kawasaki K, Minoshima S, Nakato E, "et al." |title=One-megabase sequence analysis of the human immunoglobulin lambda gene locus. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=7 |issue= 3 |pages= 250–61 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9074928 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lefranc MP |title=Nomenclature of the human immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) genes. |journal=Exp. Clin. Immunogenet. |volume=18 |issue= 4 |pages= 242–54 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11872955 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Boursier L, Su W, Spencer J |title=Imprint of somatic hypermutation differs in human immunoglobulin heavy and lambda chain variable gene segments. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=39 |issue= 16 |pages= 1025–34 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12749909 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Makino DL, Henschen-Edman AH, McPherson A |title=Four crystal forms of a Bence-Jones protein. |journal=Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F Struct. Biol. Cryst. Commun. |volume=61 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 79–82 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16508097 |doi= 10.1107/S1744309104028532
*cite journal | author=Richl P, Stern U, Lipsky PE, Girschick HJ |title=The lambda gene immunoglobulin repertoire of human neonatal B cells. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=45 |issue= 2 |pages= 320–7 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17675156 |doi= 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.155PBB_Controls
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