Water gas shift reaction

Water gas shift reaction

The water gas shift reaction (WGS) is a chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide reacts with water to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen::CO + H2O → CO2 + H2

The water gas shift reaction is a part of steam reforming of hydrocarbonscite web | url = http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/production/natural_gas.html | title = HFCIT Hydrogen Production: Natural Gas Reforming | format = HTML | publisher = United States Department of Energy | date=2006-11-08 | accessdate = 2008-01-07] . It was discovered by Italian physicist Felice Fontana in 1780. The reaction is slightly exothermic.

The carbon monoxide can also be generated by bogs or other waste regenerative means by physical/chemical processes such as bog and landfill fires.

Applications

This reaction has been used as a CO removal method from the reformate for fuel cell applications.

The reverse water gas shift reaction has recently found a possible application in In-Situ Resource Utilization on Mars to provide oxygen for fuel for the Mars Direct mission concept.

Temperature

The water gas shift reaction is sensitive to temperature, with the tendency to shift towards reactants as temperature increases due to Le Chatelier's principle. In fuel-rich hydrocarbon combustion processes, the water gas reaction at equilibrium state is often employed as a means to provide estimates for molar concentrations of burnt gas constituents.

The process is used in two stages, stage one a high temperature shift (HTS) at 350 ºC (662 ºF) and stage two a low temperature shift (LTS) at 190-210 ºC (374-410 ºF) [ [http://www.getenergysmart.org/Files/HydrogenEducation/6HydrogenProductionSteamMethaneReforming.pdf Stages] ] .

Catalysts

Attempts to lower the reaction temperature of this reaction have been done primarily with a catalyst such as Fe3O4 (magnetite), or other transition metals and transition metal oxides. Another catalyst is the Raney copper catalyst [http://researchspace.csir.co.za/dspace/handle/10204/776] .

ee also

*Water gas
*In-Situ Resource Utilization
*PROX

References


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужна курсовая?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Water gas — is a synthesis gas, containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. It is a useful product but requires careful handling because of the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. The gas is made by passing steam over red hot coke::C + H2O → CO + H2The reaction… …   Wikipedia

  • water gas shift — A reaction of synthesis gas, where water and carbon monoxide react to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide: H2O + CO = H2 + CO2. See: synthesis gas …   Petroleum refining glossary

  • Gas to liquids — (GTL) is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer chain hydrocarbons such as gasoline or diesel fuel. Methane rich gases are converted into liquid synthetic fuels either via direct conversion or via… …   Wikipedia

  • Water splitting — is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is converted into oxygen and hydrogen. Water splitting is actively researched because demand for cheap hydrogen is expected to rise with the new hydrogen economy. Various techniques for… …   Wikipedia

  • Réaction du gaz à l'eau — La réaction du gaz à l eau, ou réaction de Dussan, est une réaction chimique convertissant un mélange de monoxyde de carbone CO et de vapeur d eau H2O en un mélange de dioxyde de carbone CO2 et d hydrogène H2 : CO + H2O → CO2 + H2. La… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Water injection (engines) — In internal combustion engines, water injection, also known as anti detonant injection, is spraying water into the cylinder or incoming fuel air mixture to cool the combustion chambers of the engine, allowing for greater compression ratios and… …   Wikipedia

  • Gas-to-liquids — This technology deals with the conversion of natural gas to hydrocarbon liquids such as gasoline or diesel fuel. One method starts with partial oxidation of methane (a component in natural gas) to carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and… …   Wikipedia

  • Coal gas — Towngas redirects here. For the company in Hong Kong trading as Towngas , see The Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited. See also: Coal gasification and Coal seam gas Coal gas (also town gas and illumination gas) is a flammable gaseous… …   Wikipedia

  • Sabatier reaction — The Sabatier reaction or Sabatier process involves the reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures and pressures in the presence of a nickel catalyst to produce methane and water. Optionally ruthenium on alumina makes a more …   Wikipedia

  • Bosch reaction — The Bosch reaction is a chemical reaction between carbon dioxide and hydrogen that produces elemental carbon (graphite), water and a 10% return of invested heat. This reaction requires the introduction of iron as a catalyst and requires a… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”