PCK1

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)
PDB rendering based on 1khb.
Available structures PDB 1KHB, 1KHE, 1KHF, 1KHG, 1M51, 1NHX, 2GMV
Identifiers
Symbols	PCK1; MGC22652; PEPCK-C; PEPCK1; PEPCKC
External IDs	OMIM: 261680 MGI: 97501 HomoloGene: 1944 GeneCards: PCK1 Gene
EC number	4.1.1.32
Gene Ontology Molecular function • magnesium ion binding • phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity • phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) activity • GTP binding • lyase activity • purine nucleotide binding • GDP binding • manganese ion binding • carboxylic acid binding Cellular component • soluble fraction • nucleus • nucleolus • cytoplasm • cytoplasm • cytosol Biological process • carbohydrate metabolic process • glucose metabolic process • glucose metabolic process • gluconeogenesis • gluconeogenesis • oxaloacetate metabolic process • lipid metabolic process • response to activity • response to insulin stimulus • glucose homeostasis • glycerol biosynthetic process from pyruvate Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5105	18534
Ensembl	ENSG00000124253	ENSMUSG00000027513
UniProt	P35558	Q8BSX3
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002591	NM_011044.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002582	NP_035174.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 20: 56.13 – 56.14 Mb	Chr 2: 172.98 – 172.98 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble), also known as PCK1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PCK1 gene.^[1][2]

Function

This enzyme is a main control point for the regulation of gluconeogenesis. The cytosolic enzyme encoded by this gene, along with GTP, catalyzes the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxaloacetate, with the release of carbon dioxide and GDP. The expression of this gene can be regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP, and diet. A mitochondrial isozyme of the encoded protein also has been characterized.^[1]

See also

• PEPCK

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: PCK1 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5105. 
2. ^ Pilz AJ, Willer E, Povey S, Abbott CM (October 1992). "The genes coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) map to human chromosome 20, extending the known region of homology with mouse chromosome 2". Ann. Hum. Genet. 56 (Pt 4): 289–93. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1992.tb01155.x. PMID 1492743. 

Further reading

• Beale EG, Hammer RE, Antoine B, Forest C (2004). "Disregulated glyceroneogenesis: PCK1 as a candidate diabetes and obesity gene.". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 15 (3): 129–35. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2004.02.006. PMID 15046742. 
• Pilz AJ, Willer E, Povey S, Abbott CM (1993). "The genes coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 (PCK1) and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit (CHRNA4) map to human chromosome 20, extending the known region of homology with mouse chromosome 2.". Ann. Hum. Genet. 56 (Pt 4): 289–93. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1992.tb01155.x. PMID 1492743. 
• Giralt M, Park EA, Gurney AL, et al. (1991). "Identification of a thyroid hormone response element in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene. Evidence for synergistic interaction between thyroid hormone and cAMP cis-regulatory elements.". J. Biol. Chem. 266 (32): 21991–6. PMID 1657985. 
• Beale EG, Chrapkiewicz NB, Scoble HA, et al. (1985). "Rat hepatic cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). Structures of the protein, messenger RNA, and gene.". J. Biol. Chem. 260 (19): 10748–60. PMID 2993287. 
• Ting CN, Burgess DL, Chamberlain JS, et al. (1993). "Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP): characterization of the human PCK1 gene and localization distal to MODY on chromosome 20.". Genomics 16 (3): 698–706. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1250. PMID 8325643. 
• Yu H, Thun R, Chandrasekharappa S, et al. (1993). "Human PCK1 encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is located on chromosome 20q13.2.". Genomics 15 (1): 219–21. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1040. PMID 8432541. 
• Stoffel M, Xiang KS, Espinosa R, et al. (1993). "cDNA sequence and localization of polymorphic human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene (PCK1) to chromosome 20, band q13.31: PCK1 is not tightly linked to maturity-onset diabetes of the young.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.1.1. PMID 8490617. 
• O'Brien RM, Printz RL, Halmi N, et al. (1996). "Structural and functional analysis of the human phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter.". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1264 (3): 284–8. PMID 8547315. 
• Parissi V, Calmels C, De Soultrait VR, et al. (2001). "Functional interactions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase with human and yeast HSP60.". J. Virol. 75 (23): 11344–53. doi:10.1128/JVI.75.23.11344-11353.2001. PMC 114720. PMID 11689615. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=114720. 
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.". Nature 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052. 
• Dunten P, Belunis C, Crowther R, et al. (2002). "Crystal structure of human cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase reveals a new GTP-binding site.". J. Mol. Biol. 316 (2): 257–64. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5364. PMID 11851336. 
• Jurado LA, Song S, Roesler WJ, Park EA (2002). "Conserved amino acids within CCAAT enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP(alpha) and beta) regulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (31): 27606–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201429200. PMID 11997389. 
• Wilson HL, McFie PJ, Roesler WJ (2003). "Different transcription factor binding arrays modulate the cAMP responsivity of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (46): 43895–902. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203169200. PMID 12237288. 
• Borgius LJ, Steffensen KR, Gustafsson JA, Treuter E (2003). "Glucocorticoid signaling is perturbed by the atypical orphan receptor and corepressor SHP.". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 49761–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M205641200. PMID 12324453. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Chakravarty K, Wu SY, Chiang CM, et al. (2004). "SREBP-1c and Sp1 interact to regulate transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in the liver.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (15): 15385–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309905200. PMID 14744869. 
• Cao H, van der Veer E, Ban MR, et al. (2004). "Promoter polymorphism in PCK1 (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (2): 898–903. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031361. PMID 14764811. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Hajarnis S, Schroeder JM, Curthoys NP (2005). "3'-Untranslated region of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA contains multiple instability elements that bind AUF1.". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (31): 28272–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M501204200. PMID 15951444.