Urpín

Urpín is a mountain in the city of Banská Bystrica, Slovakia. It is situated on the left bank of the Hron river, above the old town. Despite its low elevation of 510 m AMSL (1,673 ft), Urpín dominates the cityscape due to its proximity to the city center.cite journal|title=Urpín = odveký strážca mesta|journal=Bystrický Permon|date=October 2003|first=Dana|last=Kubišová|coauthors=|volume=1|issue=3|pages=12|url=|format=|accessdate=2007-12-17] The mountain offers a panoramic view of the Hron basin from the easternmost outskirts of Banská Bystrica to the town of Zvolen, as well as of the surrounding mountain ranges of the Low Tatras and the Veľká Fatra. It is accessible by several hiking trails from the center of Banská Bystrica. Historical monuments located on Urpín chart the turbulent history of the city built underneath this mountain. However, in defiance of its urban environs, the largely forested mountain is characterized by the surprisingly diverse fauna and flora.

Nature

Urpín is mostly covered by a beech forest. Other widespread trees are the pine, maple, and "tilia". The top of the mountain has a typical forest steppe vegetation. Despite its proximity to a major city, Urpín contains 35 endangered animal species and many rare plant species. It is also home to 280 species of spiders. An alley of 64 "Tilia platyphyllos" trees was planted in the 18th century, but the aged trees are now an important part of the ecosystem. A nature preserve founded in 1997 covers an area of 5.02 ha of Urpín.

History

The Ottoman Empire's advance northwards in the 16th century threatened rich mining towns in central Slovakia. Banská Bystrica, a European leading producer of copper, cite journal|title=Mineral and political wealth of Banská Bystrica mining region has flown|journal=The Slovak Spectator|date=8 July 2002|first=Zuzana|last=Habšudová|coauthors=|volume=|issue=|pages=|id= |url=http://www.spectator.sk/articles/view/9780|format=|accessdate=2007-12-17] responded to a new danger by modernizing its fortification. As part of its early warning system, the city built a watchtower on one of Urpín's summits in 1587. The Slovak archaic word for a watchtower ("vartovka") gave the name also to the summit itself.cite journal|title=Vartovka - história a súčasnosť|journal=Bystrický Permon|date=October 2003|first=Igor|last=Chromek|coauthors=|volume=1|issue=3|pages=1–11|url=|format=|accessdate=2007-12-17] The watchtower was connected to the city by a secret underground passage, passing under the river of Hron. After it was damaged during the World War II, the tower was converted into an astronomical observatory.

Another historical monument on Urpín is the Calvary ( _sk. Kalvária). Although Banská Bystrica was in the 17th century part of an empire ruled by a Catholic dynasty of the Habsburgs, the city itself was almost purely Protestant.cite journal|title=Kalvária - Kaplnka Božieho hrobu na Urpíne|journal=Bystrický Permon|date=October 2003|first=Ján|last=Baláž|coauthors=|volume=1|issue=3|pages=1–10|url=|format=|accessdate=2007-12-17] During the state-sponsored Counter-reformation, the Order of Jesuits arrived to Banská Bystrica in 1648. In 1689 the Jesuits founded a pilgrimage site on Urpín. A church was built on the top in 1713 and small shrines representing the Stations of the Cross were raised along the trail leading to the church in 1714. The interior of the church featured a flag decorated with 1.21 kg of silver. Although the church is now abandoned, it is going to be reconstructed in 2008.cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Banská Bystrica projects restore Calvary, cycle routes, infrastructure | date=2007-07-16 | publisher=The Slovak Spectator | url =http://www.spectator.sk/articles/view/28433 | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2007-12-18] The Diocese of Banská Bystrica also plans to revive the area by building a small monastery in the vicinity of the old church.

Urpín has been a popular place of recreation. The trails leading to the top used to be equipped with nightlights. Until the 1960s, dixieland bands played music on Urpín every Sunday afternoon, attracting dancers and partygoers from the city beneath the mountain.

As a natural dominant of Banská Bystrica, the mountain has also given its name to some of the city's companies and organizations, such as the Urpiner Beer,cite web|url=http://www.urpiner.eu/en/historia.html |title=Banskobystrický pivovar |accessdate=2007-12-18] Hotel Urpín,cite web|url=http://www.urpincity.sk/residence_en.html |title=Urpin City Residence |accessdate=2007-12-18] and the Urpín folklore ensemble.cite web|url=http://www.urpin.szm.sk/ |title=Folklorny subor URPIN |accessdate=2007-12-18 |language=Slovak]

References