Hieracium caespitosum

Taxobox
name = "Hieracium caespitosum"

---

image_width = 260px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Asterales
familia = Asteraceae
genus = "Hieracium"
species = "H. caespitosum"
binomial = "Hieracium caespitosum"
binomial_authority =

---

range_map_width = 260px
range_map_caption = "Hieracium caespitosum" distribution
synonyms = "Hieracium pratense" Tauschcite web
url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=HICA10
title = Plants Profile for Hieracium caespitosum (meadow hawkweed)
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Natural Resources Conservation Service
authorlink = Natural Resources Conservation Service
year = 2007
format = HTML
work = The PLANTS Database
publisher = USDA, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. ] "Pilosella caespitosa" Dumort. P. D. Sell & C. West subsp. "caespitosa" "Hieracium altaicum" Nägeli & Peter "Hieracium collinum" auct., non Gochnat subsp. "collinum" "Hieracium dissolutum" Nägeli & Peter "Hieracium sudetorum" Nägeli & Peter "Hieracium leptocaulon" Nägeli & Peter "Hieracium onegense" Norrl. "Hieracium karelicum" Norrl. "Hieracium polonicum" lockicite web
url = http://193.62.154.38/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Hieracium&SPECIES_XREF=caespitosum
title = Flora Europaea Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
authorlink = Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
format = HTML ] "Hieracium caespitosum" Dahlst.cite web
url = http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Hieracium+caespitosum&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
title = International Plant Names Index Search
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = International Plant Names Index
authorlink = IPNI
format = HTML ] "Pilosella dublanensis" Rehmann "Pilosella rawaruskana" Zahncite web
url = http://ww2.bgbm.org/EuroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId&61;7700575&PTRefFk&61;7000000
title = Details for: Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem
authorlink = Botanical Garden in Berlin
date = June 05, 2007
format = HTML
work = The Euro+Med Plantbase
publisher = Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem ] "Hieracium besserianum" Beckercite web
url = http://bgbm3.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iopi/gpc/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId&61;105080773&PTRefFk&61;128127
title = Details for: Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = The International Plant Names Index
authorlink = IPNI
format = HTML
date = Tuesday, August 21, 2007
work = Provisional Global Plant Checklist
publisher = International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI) ]

"Hieracium caespitosum" (commonly known as meadow hawkweed, yellow hawkweed,field hawkweed,cite web
url = http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/hieraciumcaes.html
title = Field Hawkweed
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Connecticut Botanical Society
date = November 13, 2005 ] king devil, yellow paintbrush, devil's paintbrush, yellow devil, yellow fox-and-cubs, and yellow king-devil)is like several other "Hieracium" species and has a similar appearance to many of the other Hawkweeds.

Description

"Hieracium caespitosum" is a creeping perennial, cite web
url = http://www.msuturfweeds.net/details/_/yellow_hawkweed_25/
title = Yellow Hawkweed - Hieracium pratense
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University
authorlink = Michigan State University academics
format = HTML
work = Weed List ] with shallow, fibrous rootscite web
url = http://www.oneplan.org/Crop/noxWeeds/nxWeed14.shtml
title = Meadow Hawkweed
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Robert H. Callihan & Timothy W. Miller
format = HTML
work = Idaho's Noxious Weeds
publisher = The Idaho Association of Soil Conservation Districts ] and long rhizomes.cite web
url = http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?ID=1794
title = Vascular Plants: Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-16
author = Don Knoke, Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
authorlink = Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
format = HTML
work = WTU Image Collection: Plants of Washington ]

The leaves, hairy on both sides (unlike "Hieracium floribundum", which looks similar but has hair only on the underside), are up to 6 inches (15 centimeters) long, spathulate, and almost exclusively with the exception of 1 or 2 very small leaves. The leaves lay flat to the ground, overlap, and will smother non-vigorous .

The stems are bristly and usually leafless, although occasionally a small leaf appears near the midpoint.cite web
url = http://www.utah-idahocwma.org/id_meadowhawk.htm
title = Meadow Hawkweed
accessdate = 2007-12-16
author = Utah-Idaho Cooperative Weed Management Area
format = HTML
work = Noxious and Invading Weeds of the UICWMA ] Stems, leaves, and bracts have dense, blackish hairscite web
url = http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/wildflowers/hieracium_pratense.html
title = Hieracium pratense = Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-16
author = Erv Evans, Consumer Horticulturist, North Carolina State University
authorlink = North Carolina State University
format = HTML
work = Plant Fact Sheets ] and exude milky juice when broken.

The 1/2 inch (1 centimeter) flower heads appear in tight at the top of the 1 to 3 foot (1/3 to 1 meter) stems with 5 to 40 flowers per cluster. are all and bright yellow.Each single flower head is an inflorescence and each petal forms its own seed, making them each a separate flower or .Fact|date=December 2007

The seeds are shiny, black, and plumed.After maturing they are dispersed by wind, clothing, hair, feathers, and some vehicles that disturb fields or soils. "H. caespitosum" persists and regrows each year from rhizomes and often spreads by stolons, cite web
url = http://www.fs.fed.us/r1/cohesive_strategy/data/weeds/lit_abstracts/litsearch_hiecae.htm
title = Species: Hieracium caespitosum; Meadow hawkweed complex
accessdate = 2007-12-16
author = Cohesive Strategy Team
authorlink = United States Forest Service
format = HTML
work = Cohesive Strategy Team Data ] which can be extensive, creating a dense mat of hawkweed plants (a ) that practically eliminates other vegetation.

"H. caespitosum" prefers silt loam, well-drained soil: coarse textures, moderately low in organic matter, and moist. Its presence can be an indicator of low soil fertility or slightly acidic soils.

"H. caespitosum" has, in the past, been used for healing eyesight. Pliny the Elder had recorded information regarding how other species, specifically hawks, utilized "H. caespitosum", specifically believing that they would eat it in an effort to improve eyesight.cite web
url = http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Web/Species/pkingdevil.html
title = King Devil
accessdate = 2007-12-20
last = Biodiversity at Wellesley College and in New England
first = Niki Zhou and Carla Holleran
authorlink = Wellesley College
date = 2004-06-25
format = HTML
work = [http://www.wellesley.edu/Biology/Web/index.html Landscape Nature Walks]
publisher = Courtesy Web of Species at Wellesley College
quote = For a time, King Devil and other European hawkweeds were used as an herbal remedy for healing eyesight. Pliny reported, in ancient Greece, that hawks ate it to see better.]

Habitat and distribution

Tolerant of drought and , this species finds its habitat where the soil has been neglected. Places like , neglected residential and commercial landscapes, minimally maintained public parks and open spaces, vacant lots, dump sites, and abandoned grasslands (meadows).cite web
url = http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/loeb_library/information_systems/projects/E_vue/plants/hieracium_pratense.htm
title = E*view Hieracium pratense
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Harvard Graduate School of Design
authorlink = Harvard Graduate School of Design
work = Emergent Vegetation of the Urban Ecosystem ]

"H. caespitosum" is an introduced species in North America and can be found in Canada (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec)cite web
url = http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416658
title = Hieracium caespitosum in Flora of North Amercia
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Flora of North Amercia
work = Vol. 19, 20 and 21
pages = Page 278, 280, 284 ] and the United States (Connecticut, Washington D.C., Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, and Wyoming). It is considered a noxious weed in Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington.

"H. caespitosum"'s native range includes a large portion of Europe, including Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia.cite web
url = http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?104346
title = Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Germplasm Resources Information Network
authorlink = Germplasm Resources Information Network
format = HTML
work = (GRIN) Online Database
publisher = USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. ]

References

External links

*cite web
url = http://www.vannattabros.com/iron.html
title = Machinery That Every Logger Should Have
accessdate = 2007-12-17
work = VanNatta Construction Equipment
*cite web
url = http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503009
title = Standard Report Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
authorlink = Integrated Taxonomic Information System
format = HTML
*cite web
url = http://tenn.bio.utk.edu/vascular/database/vascular-database.asp?CategoryID=Dicots&FamilyID=Asteraceae&GenusID=Hieracium&SpeciesID=caespitosum
title = Dicots: Asteraceae, Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
format = HTML
work = TENN Vascular Plants - Database
*cite web
url = http://www.forestpests.org/subject.html?SUB=4424
title = Meadow hawkweed: Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Forest Pests of North America
format = HTML
*cite web
url = http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname&32;Hieracium caespitosum
title = Hieracium caespitosum
accessdate = 2007-12-15
author = Klinkenberg, Brian. (Editor) 2007
work = Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia
publisher = Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver