Eugene R. Black, Sr.

Eugene "Gene" Robert Black, Sr. (May 1 1898–1992) was President of the World Bank from 1949 to 1963. His father, a 1930s Chairman of the Federal Reserve, also named Eugene Robert Black, did not use the "Sr." suffix; Gene's son (the third in line) became Eugene Robert Black, Jr.

Black was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1898. He attended the University of Georgia where he was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity and the Phi Kappa Literary Society. Upon graduating with an A.B. in 1917, enlisted in the United States Navy. During World War I he was assigned to convoy duty in the North Atlantic.cite web | url = http://go.worldbank.org/PS9VQX6CN0 | title = Eugene Robert Black | work = Archives | publisher = The World Bank | accessdate = August 23 | accessyear = 2006]

Upon leaving the Navy after the War, he joined the investment firm of Harris, Forbes, & Co. He worked as a traveling salesperson for the firm selling bonds and meeting with bankers and investors. He opened the firm's first southern office in Atlanta and later became a partner in the firm.

In 1933, he was hired by the Chase National Bank to be their vice-president. He went on to become the senior vice-president of Chase National's investment portfolio.

He became the executive director of the World Bank in 1947. When the Bank's President, John J. McCloy, resigned in 1949, Black, against his will, became the President of the Bank.

While not joining in the anti-communist fervor following World War II, Black was concerned about the spread of communism and its impact on the spread of global capitalism. He believed the economic prosperity was an essential prerequisite for political freedom. Black had wanted to return to work for Chase National but his personal commitment to the objectives of the World Bank overrode that desire and he remained as the President of the Bank.

At the time of his departure from the World Bank, he had been President for 13 of its 16 years of existence, and the force of his personality, and connection with every employee, led to it being known as, "Black's Bank".

In 1963, the United States was considering pursuing a program to create a supersonic transport (SST) to rival the British and French Concorde. President Kennedy commissioned an outside review of the feasibility of a Federally funded SST program. The commission was headed by Black and Stanley Osborne, chairman of Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation. The review was completed in December 1963 and was given to President Lyndon B. Johnson. The report recommended not pursuing a race against the Concorde and instead the effort should focus initially on building a test aircraft for research. [cite web | url = http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/ch7.htm | title = Chapter 7 - Aerospace Recession | work = The Space Shuttle Decision | publisher = NASA History Division | accessdate = August 23 | accessyear = 2006]

From 1962 to 1968, Black was chairman of the Brookings Institution. [cite web | url = http://www.brookings.edu/lib/officers.htm | title = Principal Officers, 1916-1985 | work = The Brookings Institution | accessdate = August 23 | accessyear = 2006]

President Johnson selected Black in 1966 to be Special Adviser to the President on Southeast Asian Social and Economic Development. In this position, Black attended the inaugural meeting of the Asian Development Bank in Tokyo. [cite web | url = http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=27923 | title = Remarks to the Press Following a Meeting With Eugene R. Black Relating to the Asian Development Bank | work = The American Presidency Project | accessdate = August 23 | accessyear = 2006]

Black also served on a number of boards for corporations and foundations. The University of Georgia Foundation named a fellowship in honor of him and his achievements. [cite web | url = http://www.uga.edu/honors/fellows/about-program/Ra-benefactors.html | title = Our benefactors | work = University of Georgia Foundation | accessdate = August 23 | accessyear = 2006] Princeton University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1960. [cite web | url = http://www.princeton.edu/pr/facts/honorary/ | title = Honorary degrees Awarded by Princeton University | publisher = Princeton University | accessdate = August 23 | accessyear = 2006]

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