Carl Theodore Liebermann

Carl Theodore Liebermann

Infobox_Scientist
name = Carl Theodore Liebermann


image_width =
caption = Carl Theodore Liebermann
birth_date = birth date|1842|2|23
birth_place = Berlin, Germany
residence =
nationality =
death_date = death date and age|1914|12|28|1842|2|23
death_place = Berlin, Germany
field =
work_institution = University of Berlin
alma_mater = University of Berlin
doctoral_advisor = Robert Wilhelm Bunsen,
Adolf von Baeyer
doctoral_students =
known_for = Synthesis of Alizarin
prizes =
religion =
footnotes =

Carl Theodore Liebermann was a German chemist and student of Adolf von Baeyer.

Life

Liebermann first studied at the University of Heidelberg where Robert Wilhelm Bunsen was teaching. He then changed to organic chemistry and joined the group of Adolf von Baeyer at the University of Berlin where he received his Ph.D. in 1865.

Together with Carl Graebe, Liebermann synthesized the orange-red dye alizarin in 1868. After his habilitation in 1870 he became professor at the University of Berlin after Adolf von Baeyer left for the University of Straßburg. Shortly after Liebermann retired, in 1914, he died. [cite journal
title = Nekrolog: Carl Liebermann
author = P. Jocobson
journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft
volume = 51
issue = 2
pages = 1135–1204
year = 1918
url =
doi = 10.1002/cber.19180510202]

Work

Liebermanm's 1868 discovery that alizarin can be reduced to form anthracene, which is an abundant component in coal tar, opened the road for synthetic alizarin. [cite journal
title = Ueber Alizarin und Anthracen
author = C. Gräbe, C. Liebermann
journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft
volume = 1
issue = 1
pages = 41–56
year = 1868
url =
doi = 10.1002/cber.18680010142 ] [cite journal
title = Ueber Farbstoffe aus der Anthracengruppe
author = C. Gräbe, C. Liebermann
journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft
volume = 1
issue = 1
pages = 104–106
year = 1868
url =
doi = 10.1002/cber.18680010142 ] The patent of Liebermann and Carl Graebe for the synthesis of alizarin from anthracene was filed one day before the patent of William Henry Perkin. The synthesis is a chlorination or bromination of antracene with a subsequent oxidation forming the alizarin. [cite journal
title = Ueber künstliche Bildung von Alizarin
author = C. Graebe, C. Liebermann
journal = Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft
volume = 2
issue = 1
pages = 14–14
year = 1869
url =
doi = 10.1002/cber.18690020106 ] The cooperation with BASF and especially with Heinrich Caro made a large scale production of alizarin possible.


=References=


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