Lithuanians in Chicago

Lithuanians in Chicago are a prominent group within the windy city whose presence goes back over a hundred years. Today Chicago possesses the largest Lithuanian community outside Lithuania,Čikagos aidas. [http://aidas.us/index.php?t=displayad&m_link_id=18 The Lithuanian Market] . Retrieved on 2008-09-04] who have dubbed the city as Little Lithuania, and many Lithuanian-Americans refer to it as the second capital of Lithuania. Lithuanian-Americans from Chicago have had a significant impact on politics in both the United States and Lithuania.

History

Lithuanians have been documented as arriving in the US since 1918, when Lithuania re-established its independence from Imperial Russia. Although this is the first official record, Lithuanians began arriving at least two decades earlier; however, they were listed as Russian citizens. This is compounded by the fact that, prior to Lithuanian independence, most if not all official documents were written in Russian, Polish or German. Thousands of Lithuanians have since moved to Chicago, providing a good source of labor for the growing city. The Lithuanian community in Chicago was most famously immortalized by Upton Sinclair in his 1906 novel about the treatment of workers in the Chicago stock yards, "The Jungle", whose story revolves around telling the life of a Lithuanian immigrant named Jurgis Rudkus.

Distribution

The first and most prominent Lithuanian enclave in Chicago was "Lithuanian Downtown" which was located along Halsted street in Bridgeport and founded by Lithuanians who settled nearby their Old World neighbors, the Poles, who were located in a Polish Patch in the vicinity of St. Mary of Perpetual Help. [http://www.ahsd25.k12.il.us/curriculum%20Info/Neighborhoods/bridgeport1.htm] It was here that the Lithuanian church of Saint George was founded as the first Lithuanian parish in the Midwest, foreshadowing the prominence Bridgeport would play as one of the key centers of Lithuanian activity through the United States. [http://www.ahsd25.k12.il.us/curriculum%20Info/Neighborhoods/bridgeport2.htm] A large number of the early buildings of this district were built by the first prominent Lithuanian community leader, Antanas Olsauskas (pronounced Ole-shau-skus), circa 1910. [http://www.ahsd25.k12.il.us/curriculum%20Info/Neighborhoods/bridgeport1.htm] Centered on Thirty-third and Halsted, Bridgeport was Chicago's leading Lithuanian neighborhood from the 1890s through the 1950s. Although the numbers of Lithuanians in the area began to fall off in the 1950s, one of Lithuanian Chicago's longtime institutions Healthy Food Restaurant still remains on Halsted near Thirty-second street. [http://www.ahsd25.k12.il.us/curriculum%20Info/Neighborhoods/bridgeport1.htm]

Although Lithuanians initially settled in areas adjacent to the ethnic group most familiar from their European homeland, the Poles, a pattern consistent with most other immigrant groups in Chicago, the Lithuanian community today is found all over Chicagoland. There have been a number of Chicago neighborhoods in which Lithuanian immigrants have clustered during the 20th century, including Bridgeport, Brighton Park, Marquette Park, and the Back of the Yards. The most recent wave of immigrants has settled in the Chicago suburbs of Lemont, Darien and Woodridge.

ignificance

Today "Little Lithuania" is the center of Lithuanian culture in North America. It houses the only museum about Lithuanians in the Western Hemisphere, the Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture, which provides a wealth of information about Lithuania and Lithuanian culture. Little Lithuania has a number of Lithuanian restaurants, bookstores, and other shops. The current president of Lithuania, Valdas Adamkus, is a former resident of the Chicago area as well. Chicago is home to the Consulate General of the Republic of Lithuania, and the city's large Lithuanian-American community maintains close ties to what is affectionately called the Motherland. Chicago's Lithuanian heritage is visible in the cityscape through its Lithuanian-named streets such as Lituanica Avenue and Lithuanian Plaza Court as well as an Art Deco monument in Marquette Park commemorating pilots Stasys Girėnas and Steponas Darius who died tragically in the crash of the Lituanica in 1933.

A number of the most architecturally significant churches of the Archdiocese of Chicago were built as national parishes by Lithuanian immigrants such as Holy Cross, Providence of God, and Nativity B.V.M., which is dedicated to our Our Lady of Šiluva or the now demolished St. George's in Bridgeport. Opulently decorated with a proclivity towards Renaissance and Baroque ornamentation, Lithuanian churches were designed in the spirit of the architecture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's heyday. Like Chicago's Polish Cathedral's, these churches were statements meant to recall an era when the Grand Duchy of Lithuania spanned from the Baltic to the Black Sea, having been built at a time when Lithuania was under Russian occupation and incorporating Lithuanian imagery in its decor such as the Vytis to invoke pride in Lithuanian culture.

There are many Lithuanian schools built near and in Chicago. Chicago Lithuanian Youth Center ("Čikagos Lituanistinė Mokykla"), a private school for Lithuanian immigrant children was founded in 1992. Other Lithuanian schools include Maironis in Lemont, Gediminas in Waukegan and Rasa in Naperville. There are also many Lithuanian newspapers circulating around Chicago, like "Aidas" (Echo), "Langas" (Window) and "Amerikos Lietuvis" (Lithuanian American).

References

External links

* [http://www.lithaz.org/museums/balzekas/ The Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture]
* [http://www.ltembassyus.org/ The Consulate General of the Republic of Lithuania]