Loch Ewe

Infobox lake
lake_name = Loch Ewe
image_lake = Loch_Ewe.jpg
caption_lake = Creel boat steaming to the fishing grounds on Loch Ewe at dawn
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
location = Northwest Highlands, Scotland
coords = coord|57|50|13|N|5|36|44|W|region:GB_type:waterbody|display=inline,title
type =
inflow = River Ewe
outflow = Atlantic Ocean
catchment =
basin_countries = United Kingdom
length =
width =
area =
depth = 15 m
max-depth = 40 m
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation =
islands = Isle of Ewe
cities =

Loch Ewe (Scottish Gaelic: "Loch Iùbh") is a sea loch on the west coast of the Ross and Cromarty district in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It is inhabited by a traditionally "Gàidhlig"-speaking people [PDF| [http://www.linguae-celticae.org/dateien/Gaidhlig_Local_Studies_Vol_09_Loch_Bhraoin_Gearrloch_Ed_II.pdf Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic) Local Studies Volume 9: Wester Ross: Lochbroom and Gairloch] |604.1 KiB] living in or sustained by crofting villages,PDF| [http://www.highland.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/679F47D5-D898-4346-8137-485F8BA0674C/0/26.pdf Report of the Public Local Inquiry into Objections to the Deposit Draft Wester Ross Local Plan: Chapter 26 - Aultbea] |1790.6 |KiB] the most notable of which, situated on the north-eastern shore, is the Aultbea settlement. The River Ewe enters Loch Ewe from the following thirteen lochs of the surrounding basins (the Ardlair basin, the Slattadale basin and the Ghruididh basin):

*Loch Maree
*Loch Fada
*Loch Garbhaig
*Loch Coulin
*Loch Clair
*Loch Tollie
*Loch Kernsary
*Loch Ghiuragarstidh
*Loch Mhic' Ille Rhiabhaich
*Loch a' Bhaid-Luachraich
*Loch Sguod
*Loch an t-Slagain
*Loch Drainc

History

Due to the rugged and inaccessible terrain in which it is located, Loch Ewe has always been an assembly point for maritime trade. "Circa" 1610 the area at the head of Loch Ewe, today known as Poolewe, was urbanised around an iron furnace utilising charcoal produced in the surrounding woodlands for fuel. English ironmasters found it more economic to ship the ore to Poolewe for smelting than to ship the processed charcoal to England to run furnaces there. [ [http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/poolewe/poolewe/index.html Poolewe Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland ] ]

The crofting villages which were established in the 1840s,cite web
last = Pollack
first = Neil
authorlink = http://npollock.id.au/index.html
coauthors =
title = Aultbea, Ormiscaig and Bualnaluib were crofting villages where meagre livings were extracted
work =
publisher =
date = 2008-02-18
url = http://npollock.id.au/history/mciver.html
format =
doi =
accessdate = 2008-07-21] as a result of the local parish's estate being reformed from run-rig to fixed holdings properties,cite book
last = Mackintosh
first = S.
coauthors =
title = The Parish of Gairloch - in The Third Statistical Account of Scotland
publisher =
date =
pages =
month =
isbn =] were always quite small. Bualnaliub, nine miles (fifteen kilometres) to the north of Poolewe, had eleven houses and fifty people at the 1841 census – twenty-three of whom were from the same (McIver) family. Mellon Charles, thence four miles (six and a half kilometres) to the west, had two hundred and sixteen people in forty-one houses – including seventeen houses headed by a McLennan. [ [http://www.highlandfhs.org.uk/HFHSCensusIndexSearchSurnameIx.asp 1841 Census Index - Results on the surname McLennan] ] Ormiscaig, roughly half-way between them, had ten houses (four headed by McGregors) totalling forty-eight people. One hundred and forty years later, in 1981, the population was ten at Bualnaluib, twenty-four at Ormiscaig and one hundred and ten at Mellon Charles.cite book
last = Caird
first = J. B.
coauthors =
title = Peoples and Settlements in North-West Ross
publisher =
date = 1994
pages = The Making of the Gairloch Crofting Landscape
month =
isbn = 0-9505884-8-4 ]

Loch Ewe featured in the great wars of the twentieth century as a naval port of significant strategic importance to the United Kingdom. During World War Two many submarines entered the Atlantic Ocean from here, as did ship convoys headed to West Africa and North America and those on on the colloquially-termed "Arctic Run" to Murmansk and back. [ [http://www.puffinexpress.co.uk/inverewe.htm Inverewe Gardens Scottish Tours in the Highlands - Puffin Express ] ] [ [http://www.aultbeahotel.co.uk/history.html Historic Aultbea Hotel Built in 1850 by Lord Zetland, Scottish Highlands ] ]

Tournaig

According to the published correspondance of a local resident,cite web
last = Sanders
first = Andrew
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = On the HMS Vanguard's Visit to Loch Ewe
work =
publisher = [http://battleshiphmsvanguard.homestead.com/Content.html The Life and Times of the Royal Navy Battleship HMS Vanguard]
date = 2005-02-12
url = http://battleshiphmsvanguard.homestead.com/LochEwe.html
format =
doi =
accessdate = 2008-07-20] the Royal Navy established watchkeeping defensescite web
last = Siddall
first = Howard, J.
authorlink =
coauthors =
title = Chapter Four: To War in HMS Repulse
work = And So...: A Stoker's Story - from Scapa to Crete, Stalag and Home
publisher = Peter Siddall ([e-mail])
date =
url = http://www.naval-history.net/WW2MemoirAndSo04.htm
format =
doi =
accessdate = 2008-07-20] around an inlet to the south-east of Loch Ewe, sourcing the area for its cod, haddock, and mackerel reserves:

cquote|Our farmhouse was used as a barracks by the anti-aircraft battery which had emplacements around the south and east sides of the Loch [Ewe] . The concrete foundations and bomb shelters [built out of favour for the locals] still remain in the Torridon Hills. The gunners lived in a large wooden hut on the bank above the house. There was an enormous balloon shed by the shore for barrage ballons. We kept the sea boats there in winter, when the gales were prodigious. On the shore was a small concrete jetty, off which lay a summer mooring for the lobster boat. The navy had very kindly put in this mooring for my parents – a buoy about three feet long, with a chain down to a large concrete block on the seabed.

In front of the house to the south was a fresh water loch – Loch nan Dalthein – which was about two miles (3 km) long and a mile wide with a waist half way up. It had lots of small rather dark trout and the occasional sea-trout, which immigrated up the river running down to the sea. When the river got to the coast, it tumbled down a steep rocky bank, into which was built a "salmon ladder" – a series of small pools stepped down like a staircase. The drop between each pool was small enough for the fish to jump up on their way from Loch Tournaig to Loch nan Dalthein.

The dam which fed the salmon ladder also provided a crude form of hydro electricity – there was a small generator hut at the bottom with a millrace along the top of the bank, to provide a head of water. It generated one hundred and ten volts for the house about half a mile away. Electricity was turned off at 10.00 pm in the evening.

The whole anchorage at Loch Ewe was fairly well sheltered for shipping and protected from the worst weather. It was much further from Norway than the Navy's main base at Scapa Floe, thus inconvenient for German bombers (who would have been at the limit of their range). In fact, there was so much bad blood between the Luftwaffe and the Kriegsmarine that I don`t think any attacks ever took place. This wilful lack of co-operation was a big factor in the sinking of Tirpitz in Norway during the war - she was left largely unprotected, and the RAF and Fleet Air Arm did what the Germans failed to do. It was said Loch Ewe was big enough to contain the whole Royal Navy. I don't know whether this is true - but it was important for the Atlantic convoy escorts. Also, I presume, the Russian convoys, but that is speculation.

One major benefit from a naval presence was the building of a road from the railway station at Achnasheen about forty miles away – the railway went from Inverness to Kyle of Lochalsh. Until the 1860s there was no road at all. During the potato famine a track was built to provide local employment. It was literally a cart track - you can still trace parts where the new road by-passed certain sections. The new road was "single track with passing places" up the west side of Loch Maree. It would take cars and small lorries to provide a land access to the naval base on Loch Ewe. It had a big impact on the local economy as fish could then be exported to the south.

NATO Z-berths and POL depots

As of 2006,PDF| [http://www.highland.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/815BCC57-93F7-403E-8416-95B64979002D/0/melloncharles.pdf Wester Ross Local Plan - Adopted June 2006 - Settlement Development Areas] |1137.8 KiB] the Mellon Charles base is still in use, with two berths authorised for nuclear powered submarine use. [citation|url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm080701/text/80701w0005.htm#08070177003516 |title=Written answers (Column 754W): Nuclear Submarines|author=Bob Ainsworth|date=1 July 2008|publisher=Hansard|accessdate=2008-07-02] The jetty at Aultbea is designated a "Z-berth" to allow NATO's nuclear submarines to return for servicing without warning. A second Z-berth is located in the middle of Loch Ewe itself, marked by a buoy but not appearing on any Ordnance Survey maps.cite book
last = Murphy
first = Alan
coauthors =
title = Scotland Highlands and Islands Handbook
publisher = Footprint Travel Guides
date = 2001
pages = p. 255
isbn = 1-9009499-4-6] ) about a mile and a half to the north of Tournaig. This is the subject of many strathspeys still sung today in local ceilidh. Additionally, it has several outposts above the Aultbea foreshore (around Aird Point) giving photo opportunities for tourists travelling inland.

Ancient Mariner folklore

In his compedium of folk and faerie (encounters with the "Daoine Sìth" race) tales of the mainland, Sir George Douglas records that the ancestral dialogues and mythological apologues of the Scottish peasantry, and the folkish customs employed in recounting them, "still linger in the remote western islands of Barra; where, in the long winter nights, the people would gather in crowds to listen to those whom they considered good exponents of the art. At an earlier date, – but still, at that time [in the mid twentieth century] , within living memory, – the custom survived at Poolewe in Ross-shire where the young people were used to assemble ["sic"] at night to hear the old ones recite the tales which they had learned from their fore-fathers. Here, and at earlier dates in other parts of the country also, the demand for stories would further be supplied by travelling pedlars, or by gaberlunzie men, or pauper wandering musicians and entertainers, or by the itinerant shoemaker or tailor – 'Whip-the-Cat' as he was nicknamed, – both of which last were accustomed to travel through thinly-populated country districts, in the pursuit of their calling, and to put up for the night at farm-houses, – where, whilst plying their needles, they would entertain the company with stories.

"The arrival of one of these story-tellers in a village was an important event. As soon as it became known, there would be a rush to the house where he was lodged, and every available seat – on bench, table, bed, beam, or the floor – would quickly be appropriated. And then, for hours together – just like some first-rate actor on a stage – the story-teller would hold his audience spell-bound. During his recitals, the emotions of the recitor were occasionally very strongly excited, as were also those of his listeners, who at one time would be on the verge of tears, at another give way to laughter. There were many of these listeners, by the way, who believed firmly in all the extravangances narrated.

And such rustic scenes as these, as I [will show] , have by no means been without their marked upon Scottish literature." [cite book
last = Douglas
first = George
coauthors =
title = Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales
publisher = Dover Publications
date = 2000
pages = pp. 8-10
isbn = 0486411400]

Dialect

Ross-shire dialect English is spoken in Red Point (nearby Gairloch) and Poolewe. It is "somewhat similar to that of the Southern Hebridean [Harris and Barra] dialects." Pre-aspiration involves "a very distinct and long "h", often with a slight velar friction; though this "h" is different from "x", which has more friction, and there exist such pairs as "bohk" 'a buck' boc "~bcxk" 'poor' bochd. When the occlusive is palatal, "h" is not affected by the palatality." [ cite book
last = Borgstrøm
first = Carl H. J.
coauthors =
title = The dialects of the Outer Hebrides
publisher = Norwegian Universities Press
date = 1940
pages = p. 100
month =
isbn = ]

References

* [http://www.marlab.ac.uk/Delivery/standalone.aspx?contentid=1144 Scotland Fishery Reserves Services: Loch Ewe Ecosystem Monitoring]
*PDF| [http://www.nls.uk/resources/pdf/74432911.pdf A Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh-Water Lochs of Scotland, 1897-1909, p. 210] |94.6 KiB
* [http://www.scottish-memories.co.uk/magazine-issues/viewissue.asp?issueID=64 Clan Stories: The Russian Convoys]
* [http://www.highlandwelcome.co.uk/whattodo/history/songs.htm Songs of Wester Ross]

External links

* [http://www.highlandwelcome.co.uk/ The Gairloch and Loch Ewe Action Forum]
* [http://www.britishwalks.org/walks/2003/514.php The Poolewe-Little Gruinard walk]
* [http://www.2lr.co.uk/ Rèidio dà Locha]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eigKEHozskg Laxdale Ladies' waulking group competing in the Wester Ross Provincial Mod]