- Hulun
* For the city see
Hailar Hulun was the originalManchu andTungus name for the territory between theStanovoi mountains and theAmur river; it was also bordered by the Manchu coast and theShantar Archipelago.The first known residents were the
Xianbei andMohe peoples. According to Wei Yuan's work "Military history of the Qing Dynasty" (zh-cp|c=聖武記|p=Shèngwǔjì), Ming chronicle, a Tungu "Nation" area exists with same name in theYehe ,Hada ,Hoifa andUla tribes.Nurhaci , the GreatManchu Leader who founded the Qing dynasty, was from here.This territory is also known as Eastern
Heilongjiang ; during theManchu administration, it was managed by General ofJilin , who secured the national coasts from the Sea of Ohkostk andSea of Japan while the General ofHeilongjiang managed the West side of theAmur river . These lands were returned to Chinese control under theTreaty of Nerchinsk , which established the north frontier in theStanovoy Mountains . TheManchu authorities decided to close off this area toHan Chinese migration. The geography of this region included Bailim (Khabarovsk ), Gunkhing Cheng (Komsomolsk-on-Amur ), the important port inFuyioru (ancient Japanese name of Miaoyie present-dayNikolayevsk-on-Amur ), Hailanpao (Blagoveshchensk ), and the ancient town ofAigun . Deleng, also in Hulun, was an important commercial center long ago.Ancient Japanese history explains why the northern ancestors of
Chosio orIzumo , the ancient clans, proceeded from this area andEast or Maritime Tartary to come to Kita Ezo (Karafuto),Hokkaidō , and NorthHonshū . Japanese historians and archeologists encountered this knowledge in ancient chronicles found inManchukuo .Japanese legends tell similar tales of the journey from the Amur valley.All of these territories were lost with the
Treaty of Aigun between Russia and the Chinese Empire. Today most or all of them are part of theRussian Far East .
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