Luciana Frassati Gawronska

Infobox Person
name = Luciana Frassati Gawronska


image_size = 280px
caption = Luciana Frassati Gawronska
birth_date = birth date|1902|8|18
birth_place = Biella, Italy
death_date = death date and age|2007|10|7|1902|8|18
death_place = Pollone, Italy
occupation = Writer

Luciana Frassati Gawronska (August 18 1902 – October 7 2007) was an Italian writer and author. Gawronska was a prominent anti-Nazi and anti-Fascist activist in both Poland and Italy and was considered a champion of Roman Catholic causes. [cite news |first=|last=|title= Luciana Frassati Gawronska,Testimone Del'900|url=http://www.ansa.it/opencms/export/site/notizie/rubriche/approfondimenti/visualizza_new.html_94568882.html|work= Ansa Mediterranean |publisher=|date=2007-10-07 |accessdate=2007-11-09]

Early life

Luciana Frassati was born in Biella, Italy, near the municipality of Pollone. Her father, Alfredo Frassati, was the founder of the Torino based newspaper, "La Stampa', a well-known, daily newspaper. Her mother, Adelaide Ametis, was a well known painter.

Frassati's brother was Pier Giorgio Frassati, who died of polio in 1925. Her brother was formally beatified as the "Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati" by Pope John Paul II on May 20 1990. Luciana Frassati Grawonska later wrote a first hand account of her brother's life, "A Man of the Beatitudes". [cite news |first=|last=|title= Luciana Frassati Grawonska dead at 105 |url=http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=54010|work= Catholic World News |publisher=|date=2007-10-08 |accessdate=2007-11-09] She campaigned throughout her life in the effort to elevate her brother to sainthood, though this has not yet occurred.

Luciana Frassati obtained a law degree from the University of Turin. [ [http://www.lastampa.it/redazione/cmsSezioni/cultura/200710articoli/26442girata.asp "La Stampa" obituary] ] Frassati married Jan Gawronski in the spring of 1925. Gawronski was a diplomat and secretary to the Polish ambassador to Italy and the Vatican at the time. Gawronski would later become the last Polish ambassador to Austria before the country's annexation by Nazi Germany in 1938. They had six children: Jas, Alfredo, Wanda, Giovanna, Maria Grazia and Nella. [ [http://www.repubblica.it/2007/10/sezioni/cronaca/luciana-frassati/luciana-frassati/luciana-frassati.html "La Repubblica" obituary] ] Her son, Jas Gawronski, is currently an Italian journalist, politician and Member of the European Parliament.

World War II

Luciana lived in a number of European countries with her husband, including Germany, Turkey and Poland. The couple moved to Austria in 1933, just as Adolf Hitler was taking power in neighboring Germany. Jan Gawronski became the last ambassador of Poland to Austria before Austria's annexation by Nazi Germany in the 1938 Anschluss.

Luciana and her family moved to Warsaw, Poland, after the annexation of Austria. They lived in the city until the invasion and fall of Poland to the Nazis in 1939. The Nazis immediately began to round up Polish officials, intellectuals and others. Luciana's Italian citizenship (Italy was then ruled by Benito Mussolini, an ally of Hitler), and her relationship with prominent figures throughout Europe, afforded the family some protection from the Nazis.

Frassati Gawronska acted to help Poland during World War II. With her Italian passport, which allowed her to move freely between Poland and Italy, she made seven separate trips throughout Europe's Nazi held territories during the war, including to Warsaw, Krakow, Berlin and Rome. She managed to smuggle rescued artwork and documents linking the Nazis to autrocities out of Poland at great personal risk. She also distributed money to the Polish resistance.

She also managed to rescue and move Polish families out of the country. Many, including entire families, were sent to relative safety in Italy. Among those recued by Luciana Frassati Gawronska were Olga Helena Zubrzewska, wife of Gen. Władysław Sikorski, a major political figure and one of the leaders of the Polish resistance. Through her influence she also managed to secure the release of more than one hundred professors of the University of Krakow.

Honors

Luciana Frassati Gawronska received the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland from the Polish government in 1993 for her service to the country. She was also named an admired woman of Poland in the March 1 2003, issue of "Wysokie Obcasy", joining other Polish and international figures such as Hillary Rodham Clinton.

Death

Luciana Frassati Gawronska died at the age of 105 at her home in Pollone, Italy. Her funeral was held on October 9 2007 at the Turin Cathedral. She was buried in her family's tomb next to her brother, Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati.

External links

* [http://www.frassatiusa.org/news_details.cfm?newsarticle=62&category=1&page=1 Luciana Frassati Gawronska obituary]

References