Thalattosaur

Taxobox
name = Thalattosaurs
fossil_range = Triassic

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image_width = 250px
image_caption = Life restoration of "Miodentosaurus"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Sauropsida
subclassis = Diapsida
ordo = Thalattosauria
ordo_authority = Merriam, 1904
subdivision_ranks = Families
subdivision =
Askeptosauridae
Claraziidae
Endennasauridae
Thalattosauridae* (type)

Thalattosaurs (meaning "ocean lizards") are a group of prehistoric marine reptiles which lived during the mid-late Triassic Period. Some species of thalattosaur grew to over 4 meters (13 feet) in length, including a long, flattened tail used in underwater propulsion. While they bore a superficial resemblance to lizards, the exact relationships of thalattosaurs is unknown; most experts place them on the reptile family tree somewhere in between the ichthyosaurs and archosaurs.

ystematics

The Thalattosauria (and family Thalattosauridae) were named by John C. Merriam in 1905 for a distinctive group of marine reptiles, at the time containing only the first known species, "Thalattosaurus". The classification of thalattosaurs has varied from study to study, especially since some paleontologists began including the askeptosaurids as true thalattosaurs. While some authors have placed the traditional thalattosaurs and the askeptosaurids within an expanded Order Thalattosauria, some cladistic defintions (see Phylogeny below) reserve the name Thalattosauria for a clade comprising the traditional thalattosaurs, and name the larger thalattosaur-askeptosaurid group Thalattosauriformes. In studies that use a more inclusive Thalattosauria, the name Thalattosauroidea has been used for the more exclusive thalattosaur group.Rieppel, O., Liu, J., and Bucher, B. (2000). "The fist record of a thalattosaur reptile from the Late Triassic of Southern China (Guizhou Province, PR China)." "Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology", 20(3): 507-514.]

Taxonomy

The taxonomy presented here includes genera listed in an online survey by Mikko Haaramo, with additional taxa added based on their referral in subsequent papers.Haaramo, M. (2004). "Thalattosauriformes," from "Mikko's Phylogeny Archive". Accessed 4-OCT-2007. http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma//Chordata/Reptilia/Sauropterygia/Thalattosauriformes.htm] Thalattosauria is used in its most inclusive sense after Cheng "et al.", 2007.Cheng, Y., Wu, X., Li, C., and Tamaki, S. (2007). "A new thalattosaurian (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Triassic of Guizhou, China." ] Note that the family Thalattosauridae is paraphyletic, as it includes the direct ancestors of the family Claraziidae.

* Order Thalattosauria
** Superfamily Askeptosauroidea
*** Genus "Miodentosaurus"
*** Family Askeptosauridae
**** Genus "Anshunsaurus"
**** Genus "Askeptosaurus"
*** Family Endennasauridae
**** Genus "Endennasaurus"
** Superfamily Thalattosauroidea
*** Genus "Nectosaurus"
*** Genus "Xinpusaurus"
*** Family Claraziidae
**** Genus "Clarazia"
**** Genus "Hescheleria"
*** Family Thalattosauridae*
**** Genus "Agkistrognathus"
**** Genus "Paralonectes"
**** Genus "Thalattosaurus"

Phylogeny

While Thalattosauria has traditionally been used for the largest group containing all families of "thalattosaurs", several authors have recently used this name for what would otherwise be known as Thalattosauroidea, and used the clade Thalattosauriformes for the larger group.Müller, J., Renesto, S., and Evans, S.E. (2005). "The marine diapsid reptile "Endennasaurus" (Reptilia: Thalattosauriformes) from the Late Triassic of Italy." "Palaeont", 48: 15-30.] The phylogeny presented here again follows Haaramo, 2004.clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%
label1=Thalattosauriformes
1=clade
label1=Askeptosauroidea
1=clade
1="Endennasaurus"
label2=Askeptosauridae
2=clade
1="Askeptosaurus"
2="Anshunsaurus"
label2=Thalattosauria
2=clade
label1=unnamed
1=clade
1="Nectosaurus"
2="Xinpusaurus"
label2=Thalattosauridae
2=clade
1="Agkistrognathus"
label2=unnamed
2=clade
1="Paralonectes"
label2=unnamed
2=clade
1="Thalattosaurus"
label2=Claraziidae
2=clade
1="Clarazia"
2="Hescheleria"

References