1450s in England

1450s in England

Events from the 1450s in England.

Incumbents

Monarch - Henry VI of England

Events

* 1450
** 7 February - John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk marries Lady Margaret Beaufort.
** 15 April - Hundred Years' War: French defeat the English at the Battle of Formigny.cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=182–183]
** 3 May - Execution of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk taking the blame for English losses in the Hundred Years' War.
** 6 June–12 July - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Jack Cade leads a rebellion in Kent and Sussex against war taxes.
** 12 August - Hundred Year's War: Cherbourg surrenders to the French, allowing France to take control of all of Normandy.
** September - Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York marches an army to London and attacks alleged traitors in the royal government.
** Extension of Great Malvern Priory begins, with exceptional stained glass windows.
* 1451
** June - At the insistence of Parliament, Henry cancels all land grants made during his reign.
** 30 June - Hundred Years' War: Bordeaux surrenders to the French.
** 21 August - Hundred Years' War: Bayonne surrenders to the French, ending British rule in Gascony.
** September - Duke of York refuses royal summons to answer for breaking the peace.
* 1452
** February - Duke of York calls for armed resistance to King Henry VI of England.
** 1 March to 3 March Supporters of Duke of York confront the royal army at Dartford. Duke yields and is pardoned.
** 21 July - John Kemp enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
** 22 October - Hundred Years' War: John Talbot, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury re-captures Bordeaux; England regains control of much of Gascony.
* 1453
** March - Parliament grants Henry generous taxes and condemns past rebels.
** 17 July - Hundred Years' War: At the Battle of Castillon, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed.
** July - Henry VI of England becomes mentally unstable; his cousin Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York acts as regent.
** 24 August - Fighting in the north between the families of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and the Earls of Northumberland.
** 19 October - The Hundred Years' War comes to a close, with the French recapture of Bordeaux leaving the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
* 1454
** 15 March - Edward of Westminster invested as Prince of Wales.
** 23 April - Thomas Bourchier enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.
** June - Duke of York suppresses a rebellion led by Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter in the north of England.
** December - Henry VI recovers from his mental instability; the Duke of York is dismissed as regent.
* 1455
** May - Garrison at Calais mutinies over pay arrears.
** 22 May - Wars of the Roses: Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York defeats the army of Henry VI at the First Battle of St Albans; Henry is captured.
** 19 November - Duke of York re-instated as regent.
** November to December - Rioting and rebellion in Devon.
** Earliest known reference to knitting in England.
* 1456
** 25 February - Richard of York dismissed as regent for the second time.
** April - Calais mutiny ends when wool merchants agree to back the garrison's pay.
** 17 August - Court moves to Coventry; Kenilworth Castle strengthened as the King's principal residence.
* 1457
** 28 August - French raiders sack Sandwich, Kent.
* 1458
** 25 March - Formal reconciliation between Yorkists and Lancastrians at St Paul's Cathedral, London.cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan & Veronica |year=1992 |title= The Chronology of British History|publisher= Century Ltd|location=London|pages= 125-128|isbn= 0-7126-5616-2]
** May - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick defeats a Spanish fleet in the English Channel.
** Foundation of Magdalen College, Oxford.
* 1459
** 23 September - Wars of the Roses: At the Battle of Blore Heath, Yorkists under the Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury defeat a Lancastrian force.
** 12 October - Wars of the Roses: Lancastrian victory at the Battle of Ludford Bridge. Following the battle, the Duke of York flees to Ireland.
** 10 November - Parliament, held at Coventry, condemns Yorkists as traitors.

Births

* 1450
** William Catesby, politician (died 1485)
* 1451
**September 5 - Isabella Neville, Duchess of Clarence (died 1476)
* 1452
** 2 October - King Richard III of England (died 1485)
* 1454
** 4 September - Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, politician (d. 1483)
* 1456
** 11 June - Anne Neville, queen of Richard III (died 1485)
* 1457
** 28 January - King Henry VII of England (died 1509)
** George Nevill, Duke of Bedford (died 1483)
** Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset (died 1501)
** Thomas West, 8th Baron De La Warr (died 1525)
* 1458
** Thomas Docwra, Grand Prior of the English Knights Hospitaller (died 1527)
** Richard Grey, half brother of Edward V of England (died 1483)
* 1459
** Edward Poyning, Lord Deputy to Henry VII (died 1521)

Deaths

* 1450
** 2 May - William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, military leader (born 1396)
** 10 June - William Tresham, politician (year of birth unknown)
** 27 August - Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, politician (b. 1395)
* 1451
** John Lydgate, monk and poet (born 1370)
* 1452
** 26 May - John Stafford, Archbishop of Canterbury (year of birth unknown)
** Nicholas Close, bishop (year of birth unknown)
* 1453
** 17 July - John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, military leader (year of birth unknown)
** 24 December - John Dunstaple, composer (born 1390)
* 1454
** 22 March - John Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1380)
** Robert Wingfield, politician (b. 1403)
* 1455
** 22 May (at the First Battle of St Albans)
*** Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, politician (born 1393)
*** Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, commander (born 1406)
*** Humphrey Stafford, Earl of Stafford (born 1425)
* 1456
** 1 November - Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, father of King Henry VII of England (born c. 1430)
* 1459
** 23 September - James Touchet, 5th Baron Audley (born 1400) (killed in battle)
** 5 November - John Fastolf, soldier (year of birth unknown)

References

ee also


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