Raoul Salan

Infobox Military Person
name= Raoul Salan


caption=
born= 10 June 1899
died= 3 July 1984
placeofbirth= Roquecourbe, France
placeofdeath= Paris, France
nickname= The Mandarin or Chinese
allegiance=
branch= French Army
serviceyears= 1917 - 1959
rank=Général d'Armée
unit=
commands=French Far East Expeditionary Corps
battles= World War I
World War II
First Indochina War
Algerian War
awards=Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor
laterwork= Leader of the OAS

Raoul Albin Louis Salan (10 June 1899 - 3 July 1984) was an officer in the French Army and the fourth French commanding general during the First Indochina War. Salan was one of four generals who organized the 1961 Algiers Putsch operation and then founded the Organisation de l'armée secrète.

Biography

Salan was born in Roquecourbe, Tarn. After the Second World War, he became commander of French forces in Tonkin and signed agreements regarding the disposition of French troops within Vietnam. By 1948, he was commander of all French land forces in East Asia; after the death of Jean de Lattre de Tassigny in 1952, Salan became the commander-in-chief in Indochina. Although he was probably the most experienced officer in Indochina, the new government led up by René Mayer wanted a new policy in Indochina and replaced him in January 1953 with Henri Navarre, who was previously in charge in the intelligence service, not on field operations.

On 16 January 1957, while commander of the 10th military area and interarmy commander in Algiers, Salan was the target of an assassination attempt using a bazooka, resulting in the death of a French major. The attackers were French residents of Algiers who wanted to replace Salan with General René Cogny, whom they saw as a more energetic leader. The group's leader blamed the influence of a group of six prominent French politicians, which included future French Prime Minister Michel Debré (a senator at the time of the incident), as inspiration for the assassination attempt. However, he did not present any evidence to support the claim, and an investigation did not produce any definite answers about their involvement in the attack.

On May 13, 1958 as part of the "Résurrection" operation, Salan led an insurrection of the French military fighting in Algeria which called for the return to power of Charles De Gaulle. After his successful return to power, Charles De Gaulleappointed him general inspector of the army, forcing him to return to mainland France.After being put in early retirement by Charles De Gaulle, Raoul Salan went to Spain where he metwith Ramón Serrano Súñer. He returned to Algeria to organize the putsch on 21 April 1961 with André Zeller, Edmond Jouhaud and Maurice Challe. After the failure of the putsch, he became the chief of OAS under the name "Soleil"(Sun). He was seconded by Edmond Jouhaud, "Soleil-Bis". [Yves Courrière, "Les Feux du Désespoir" (Paris: Fayard, 1971)] He was arrested [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896095,00.html To the guillotine] TIME Magazine Friday, Apr. 27, 1962] in Algiers and charged with treason [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,896229,00.html Silence in the Dock] TIME Magazine Friday, May. 25, 1962]

Decorations

*Légion d'honneur
**Knight (5 April 1922)
**Officer (21 August 1940)
**Commander (10 February 1945)
**Grand Officer (27 October 1948)
**Grand Cross (28 August 1952)
*Médaille militaire (12 July 1958)
*Croix de guerre 1914-1918
*Croix de guerre 1939-1945
*Croix de guerre des Théatres d'Opérations Exterieures
*Croix de la Valeur militaire
*Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire
*Médaille Commémorative de la Grande Guerre
*Distinguished Service Cross (US)
*Commander of the Order of British Empire (CBE) (UK)

Bibliography

*"Mémoires Fin d’un empire" (4 volumes), Editions Presses de la Cité, 1970-74
**"Le sens d’ un engagement", 1970
**"Le Viêt-minh mon adversaire", 1971
**"Algérie française", 1972
**"L'Algérie de Gaulle et moi", 1974

References

External links

* [http://www.salan.asso.fr/ Association of Friends of Raoul Salan]
* [http://www.ldh-toulon.net/article.php3?id_article=219 Raoul Salan, a colonial General] by Madeleine Rebérioux"Note": the above links are written in French.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/23/newsid_4340000/4340769.stm BBC article on Salan's 1963 sentencing]