Bismarckia

taxobox
name = "Bismarckia"


regnum = Plantae
unranked_divisio = Angiosperms
unranked_classis = Monocots
unranked_ordo = Commelinids
ordo = Arecales
familia = Arecaceae
subfamilia = Coryphoideae
tribus = Borasseae
genus = "Bismarckia"
species = "B. nobilis"
binomial = "Bismarckia nobilis"
binomial_authority = Hildebrandt & H.Wendl.Hildebrant and H.A. Wendland, Botanische Zeitung 39:90, 93. 1881. Type:"B. nobilis"] |

"Bismarckia" is a monotypic genus of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to western and northern Madagascar where they grow in open grassland. The genus is named for the first chancellor of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck and the epithet for its only species, "Bismarckia nobilis", comes from Latin for 'noble'.Riffle, Robert L. and Craft, Paul (2003) "An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms". Portland: Timber Press. ISBN-10: 0881925586 / ISBN-13: 978-0881925586 (Page 274)]

Description

"B. nobilis" grows from solitary trunks, gray to tan in color, which show ringed indentations from old leaf bases. Trunks are 30 to 45 cm in diameter, slightly bulging at the base, and free of leaf bases in all but its youngest parts. In their natural habitat they can reach above 25 meters in height but usually get no taller than 12 m in cultivation. The nearly rounded leaves are enormous in maturity, over 3 m wide, and are divided to a third its length into 20 or more stiff, once-folded segments, themselves split on the ends. The leaves are induplicate and costapalmate, producing a wedge-shaped hastula where the blade and petiole meet. Petioles are 2-3 m, slightly armed, and are covered in a white wax as well as cinnamon-colored caducous scales; the nearly-spherical leaf crown is 7.5 m wide and 6 m tall. Most cultivated "Bismarckias" feature silver-blue foliage although a green leaf variety exists (which is less hardy to cold). These palms are dioecious and produce pendent, interfoliar inflorescences of small brown flowers which, in female plants, mature to a brown ovoid drupe, each containing a single seed.

Distribution and habitat

Found only in Madagascar, an island well-known for its rich diversity of unique taxa, "Bismarckia" is one genus among a diverse palm flora (some 170 palms of which 165 are solely in Madagascar). [cite web|url=http://www.wildmadagascar.org/flora/|title=Flora in Madagascar] They grow in the plains of the central highlands, nearly reaching the western and northern coasts, in savannas of low grass, usually in lateritic soil. As much of this land has been cleared with fire for agricultural use, "Bismarckias", along with other fire-resistant trees like "Ravenala madagascariensis" and "Uapaca bojeri", are the most conspicuous components of this arid region. [cite web|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at0118_full.html|title=Ecoregions of Madagascar]

References

External links

* [http://www.floridata.com/ref/B/bism_nob.cfm Floridata site]
* [http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/photos/Species/bismarckia_nobilis.htm Bismarckia pictures]
* [http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Bismarckia/nobilis.html PACSOA link]
* [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?1473 USDA site]

Gallery