Euenantiornithes

Euenantiornithes

Taxobox
name = Euenantiornithes
status = fossil
fossil_range = Early - Late Cretaceous


image_width = 240px
image_caption = "Eoenantiornis buhleri"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
subclassis = Enantiornithes
superordo = Euenantiornithes
superordo_authority = Chiappe, 2002
subdivision_ranks = Orders
subdivision =
Aberratiodontuiformes (disputed)

Alexornithiformes
"Cathayornithiformes" (disputed)

Enantiornithiformes
Gobipterygiformes (disputed)
and see text

Euenantiornithes was a superorder of Cretaceous birds. They are considered to contain the more advanced taxa of the Enantiornithes, the dominant group of birds during the late Mesozoic. Other, more plesiomorphic Enantiornithes such as "Iberomesornis romerali" or "Noguerornis gonzalezi", are not considered to belong herein, but altogether, the Euenantiornithes appear to contain the bulk of the Enantiornithes.

Despite being in accordance with phylogenetic nomenclature, the Euenantiornithes have come under severe criticism by proponents of that taxonomical system, such as Paul Sereno, who called them

"a ["sic"] ill-defined clade [...] a good example of a poor choice in a phylogenetic definition" [Sereno (2005)]
As they are technically validly described as a clade but might be a phenetic evolutionary grade instead, they could be considered a test case for how the proposed PhyloCode would deal with "nomina dubia".

ystematics and taxonomy

Several taxa have been established at order rank in this group. Many contain only the type species and most are "incertae sedis" regarding their interrelationships. They are consequently dismissed by many authorities. Apart from that, the placement of the following taxa is even less resolved:

Basal Euenantiornithes
*"Eoalulavis" (Early Cretaceous)Euenantiornithes "incertae sedis"
*"Boluochia" (Early Cretaceous) - cathayornithid?
*"Concornis" (Early Cretaceous) - cathayornithid? enantiornithiform?
*"Cuspirostrisornis" (Early Cretaceous)
*Enantiornithes gen. et sp. indet. CAGS-IG-04-CM-007 (Xiagou Early Cretaceous of Mazongshan, PRC) [Lamanna "et al." (2006)]
*"Eoenantiornis" (Early Cretaceous)
*"Largirostrornis" (Early Cretaceous)
*"Longchengornis" (Early Cretaceous)
*"Longirostravis" (Early Cretaceous)
*"Hebeiornis" (Early Cretaceous) - possibly a "nomen nudum"; if valid, includes "Vescornis"
*Enantiornithes gen. et sp. indet. RBCM.EH2005.003.0002 (Northumberland Late Cretaceous of Hornby Island, Canada) [Morrison "et al." (2005)]
*"Gurilynia" (Late Cretaceous) - enantiornithiform?
*"Halimornis" (Late Cretaceous)
*"Lectavis" (Late Cretaceous) - enantiornithiform?
*"Lenesornis" (Late Cretaceous)
*"Neuquenornis" (Late Cretaceous) - cathayornithid? avisaurid?
*"Yungavolucris" (Late Cretaceous) - enantiornithiform?Family Kuszholiidae (disputed)
*"Kuszholia" (Late Cretaceous)Order Aberratiodontuiformes (disputed)
* Family Aberratiodontuidae
**"Aberratiodontus" (Early Cretaceous)Order "Cathayornithiformes" (disputed)
* Family "Cathyornithidae"
**"Sinornis/Cathayornis" (Early Cretaceous) - which name is correct is disputed
**"Eocathayornis" (Early Cretaceous)Order Alexornithiformes (disputed)
* Family Alexornithidae
**"Alexornis" (Late Cretaceous)
**"Kizylkumavis" (Late Cretaceous)
**"Sazavis" (Late Cretaceous)Order Gobipterygiformes (disputed)
*Family Gobipterygidae
**"Gobipteryx" (Late Cretaceous)Order Enantiornithiformes
* Family Enantiornithidae (disputed)
**"Enantiornis" (Late Cretaceous)
* Family Avisauridae
**"Avisaurus" (Late Cretaceous)
**"Soroavisaurus" (Late Cretaceous)

Doubtful Euenantiornithes
It is not clear whether these taxa are Euenantiornithes:
*Enantiornithes gen. et sp. indet. MZ unnumbered (Adamantina Late Cretaceous of Presidente Prudente, Brazil) - enantiornithiform?
*Enantiornithes gen. et sp. indet. Patrick Mechin collection 606 (Late Cretaceous of Bastide-Neuve, France) - alexornithid? [Buffetaut "et al." (2000)]

For these birds, it is not even fully resolved that they were Enantiornithes, but they show some characters usually found in Euenantiornithes:
* "Longipteryx" (Early Cretaceous) - own order?
* "Nanantius" (Early -? Late Cretaceous) - enantiornithiform?
* "Abavornis" (Late Cretaceous)
* "Explorornis" (Late Cretaceous)
* "Horezmavis" (Late Cretaceous of Kyzyl Kum, Uzbekistan) - gobipterygiform?
* "Incolornis" (Late Cretaceous)
* Family Zhyraornithidae - enantiornithiform?
**"Zhyraornis" (Late Cretaceous)"Jibeinia" (Early Cretaceous) is a "nomen dubium".

Footnotes

References

* (2000): An archaic bird (Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Provence (southern France). "C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris IIA - Sciences de la Terre et des planètes" 331(8): 557–561. DOI|10.1016/S1251-8050(00)01451-8 (HTML abstract)
* (2006): A partial skeleton of an enantiornithine bird from the Early Cretaceous of northwestern China. "Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" 51(3): 423–434. [http://www.app.pan.pl/acta51/app51-423.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (2005): Cretaceous fossil birds from Hornby Island (British Columbia). "Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" 42(12): 2097–2101. [http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_abst_e?cjes_e05-081_42_ns_nf_cjes HTML abstract]
* (2005): " [http://www.taxonsearch.org/dev/file_home.php TaxonSearch: Stem Archosauria] ". Version 1.0, 2005-NOV- 7. Retrieved 2006-OCT-02.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Enantiornithes — Enantiornithines Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Late Cretaceous, 131–65.5 Ma …   Wikipedia

  • Longipteryx — Taxobox name = Longipteryx status = fossil fossil range = Early Cretaceous (Barremian?) image width = 240px image caption = Reconstruction (plumage color is conjectural; tail length and shape is unknown) regnum = Animalia phylum = Chordata… …   Wikipedia

  • Concornis — Temporal range: Early Cretaceous (Barremian) Conservation status Fossil Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia …   Wikipedia

  • Lectavis — Taxobox name = Lectavis status = fossil fossil range = Late Cretaceous regnum = Animalia phylum = Chordata classis = Aves subclassis = Enantiornithes superordo = Euenantiornithes ordo = Enantiornithiformes? genus = Lectavis genus authority =… …   Wikipedia

  • Aberratiodontus — Taxobox name = Aberratiodontus fossil range = Early Cretaceous regnum = Animalia phylum = Chordata classis = Aves subclassis = Enantiornithes? superordo = Euenantiornithes? ordo = Aberratiodontuiformes (disputed) ordo authority = familia =… …   Wikipedia

  • Cuspirostrisornis — Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 120 Ma …   Wikipedia

  • Explorornis — Taxobox name = Explorornis status = fossil fossil range = Late Cretaceous (Turonian) regnum = Animalia phylum = Chordata classis = Aves subclassis = Enantiornithes? superordo = Euenantiornithes? genus = Explorornis genus authority = Panteleev,… …   Wikipedia

  • Enantiornithes — Rekonstruktion von Iberomesornis im Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid Zeitraum Unterkreide bis Oberkreide 130 bis 65 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Longipteryx — chaoyangensis federloses Exemplar. Zeitraum Unterkreide 120 bis 110 Mio. Jahre Fundorte Jiuf …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Anexo:Aves fósiles — Esta página se refiere únicamente a aquellas especies de aves que han aparecido en el registro fósil; para las aves desaparecidas en época histórica, principalmente durante el último milenio puedes ver Anexo:Aves extintas Contenido 1 Aves basales …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”