George III of Georgia

Giorgi III (გიორგი III) (died March 27, 1184), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Georgia from 1156 to 1184. His reign, and that of Tamar, are seen as the 'golden age' of Georgian history, the era of empire, diplomatic success, military triumphs, great learning, cultural, spiritual, and artistic flowering.

Life

He succeeded on his father Demetre I's death in 1156.

He changed his father's defensive policy into more aggressive one and resumed offensive against the neighboring Seljuk rulers in Armenia. With his ascent to the throne, Giorgi III launched a successful campaign against the Seljuk sultanate of Khlat (the Shah-Armen State) in 1156. Giorgi took and annexed the Armenian cities of Ani and Dvin in 1161-1162. However, the Seljuk counterattacks made the King to cede Ani to a Muslim ruler on the terms of vassalage. The city was finally incorporated into the Georgian Kingdom in 1173. Throughout this period, the Georgian army was swelling with Armenian volunteers, enthusiastically participating in the Iiberation of their country. In 1167, he marched to defend his vassal Shah Aghsartan of Shirvan against the Khazar and Kipchak assaults and strengthened the Georgian dominance in the area.

In 1177, the nobles of the realm rose against the king and declared Prince Demna (Demetre) a "true and lawful King of Georgia". Being a son of Giorgi III's late elder brother David V, Demna was considered by many as a legitimate pretender to the Georgian throne. Approximately 30,000 rebel forces under Demna's father-in-law Ioane Orbeli strengthened their positions at the citadel of Lore. The fortress was besieged by the royal army. Throwing himself and his followers on the mercy of his uncle, he was blinded and castrated and most of his in-laws murdered.

In 1178, Giorgi III appointed his daughter and heiress Tamar as heir apparent and co-ruler to forestall any dispute after his death. However, he remained co-regent until his death in 1184. He was buried at Gelati Monastery, western Georgia.

Marriage and children

In ca. 1155, Giorgi married Burdukhan (Gurandukht), daughter of Khuddan, King of Ossetia. They had two daughters:

*Tamar, who succeeded him as ruler.

*Rusudan, married Manuel Komnenos (born 1145), the eldest son of Andronikos I who was briefly Byzantine emperor. Rusudan and Manuel were the parents of Alexios and David, founders of the Empire of Trebizond.

Title

"H.M. The Most High King Giorgi, by the will of our Lord, King of Kings of the Abkhazians, Kartvelians, Ranians, Kakhetians and the Armenians, Shirvanshah and Shahanshah and Master of all the East and the West."

ee also

*List of Georgian Kings

External links

* [http://www.bigvava.ge/unificationoffeudalgeorgia.html The unification of feudal Georgia]
* [http://www.4dw.net/royalark/Georgia/georgia2.htm The Bagrationi Dynasty]