Hierocles (Stoic)

Hierocles, ( _el. Ίεροκλῆς), a Stoic philosopher, who lived in the 2nd century AD. Nothing is known about his life. Aulus Gellius mentions him as one of his contemporaries, and describes him as a "grave and holy man". [Aulus Gellius, "Attic Nights", ix. 5. 8.]

Hierocles is famous for a book called "Elements of Ethics", ( _el. Ήθικὴ στοιχείωσις), part of which was discovered as a papyrus fragment at Hermopolis in 1901. This 300 line fragment discusses self-perception, and argues that all birds, reptiles, and mammals from the moment of birth perceive themselves continuously and that self-perception is both the primary and the most basic faculty of animals. [A.A. Long, "Stoic Studies". Chapter 11. Cambridge University Press. (1996).] The argument draws heavily on a Stoic concept known as self-ownership or oikeiôsis which was based on the view that all animals behave in a self-preserving way and are not just aware of themselves, but are aware of themselves in relation of other animals. Hierocles's argument about self-perception was part of the groundwork for an entire theory of ethics.

Some other fragments of Hierocles' book are preserved by Stobaeus. The most famous fragment [Stobaeus, "Florilegium", 4.671 ff.] describes Stoic cosmopolitanism through the use of concentric circles. Hierocles describes individuals as consisting of a series of circles: the first circle is the human mind, next comes the immediate family, followed by the extended family, and then the local community. Next comes the community of neighbouring towns, followed by your country, and finally the entire human race. Our task, according to Hierocles was to draw the circles in towards the centre, transferring people to the inner circles, making all human beings part of our concern.

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