Stygnopsidae

Taxobox


image_caption =
image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Opiliones
subordo = Laniatores
infraordo = Grassatores
superfamilia = Assamioidea
familia = Stygnopsidae
familia_authority = Sørensen, 1932
diversity_link = Stygnopsidae
diversity = 8 genera, c. 40 species
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = "see text"

The Stygnopsidae are a small family of harvestmen, with almost all species found in Mexico.

Name

The name of the type genus "Stygnopsis" is combined from the genus "Stygnus" (Stygnidae) and Ancient Greek "opsis", "looks like".aut|Mendes, Amanda C. & Kury, Adriano B. (2007): Stygnopsidae Sørensen, 1932. In: Pinto-da-Rocha "et al." 2007: 232ff]

Description

The body length of these harvestmen ranges from 2.5 ("Karos") to 7 mm ("Hoplobunus"). Their color ranges from dark brown to black, with much lighter appendages. Cave-dwelling species are pale light brown.

Distribution

As in other Laniatores, most species have narrow distributions. Almost all species occur in Mexico, with some found in the southern USA ("Hoplobunus"), and Guatemala, El Salvador and Belize ("Paramitraceras").

Relationships

clade
1=Epedanidae
2=clade
1=Assamiidae
2=clade
1=Stygnopsidae
2=other Gonyleptoidea
Proposed phylogeny
(after Kury 2003)

Epedanidae could be the sister group to Gonyleptoidea "sensu lato" (including the Assamiidae), with the Stygnopsidae the sister group to the rest of Gonyleptoidea. Although they reach into the Nearctic, they are more closely related to neotropical harvestmen.

pecies

* "Hoplobunus" Banks, 1900:* "Hoplobunus apoalensis" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus barretti" Banks, 1900 — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus boneti" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — cave, Mexico:* "Hoplobunus madlae" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1967 — Texas:* "Hoplobunus mexicanus" (Roewer, 1915) — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus mexicanus" (Sørensen, 1932) — praeoccuppied; Mexico:* "Hoplobunus oaxacensis" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus osorioi" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944) — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus planus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus queretarius" Silhavy 1974 — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus russelli" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1967 — Texas:* "Hoplobunus spinooculorum" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1973 — Mexico:* "Hoplobunus zullinii" Silhavy 1977 — Mexico

* "Karos" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944 — Mexico:* "Karos barbarikos" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944:* "Karos brignolii" Silhavy 1974:* "Karos depressus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971:* "Karos dybasi" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947):* "Karos foliorum" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1945):* "Karos gratiosus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971:* "Karos parvus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971:* "Karos projectus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971:* "Karos rugosus" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971:* "Karos tuberculatus" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1944):* "Karos unispinosus" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1946)

* "Mexotroglinus" Silhavy, 1977:* "Mexotroglinus sbordonii" Silhavy, 1977 — Mexico

* "Paramitraceras" F. O. P-Cambridge, 1905:* "Paramitraceras femoralis" Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953 — Mexico:* "Paramitraceras granulatus" F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — Guatemala, El Salvador, Mexico:* "Paramitraceras hispidulus" F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — Guatemala, Belize, Mexico

* "Sbordonia" Silhavy 1977 — Mexico:* "Sbordonia armigera" Silhavy 1977:* "Sbordonia parvula" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953)

* "Stygnopsis" Sørensen, 1902 — Mexico:* "Stygnopsis robusta" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971):* "Stygnopsis valida" (Sørensen, 1884)

* "Tampiconus" Roewer, 1949:* "Tampiconus philippii" Roewer, 1949 — Mexico

* "Troglostygnopsis" Silhavy, 1974 — Mexico:* "Troglostygnopsis anophthalma" Silhavy, 1974:* "Troglostygnopsis inops" (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1971)

Footnotes

References

* Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Stygnopsidae.txt Stygnopsidae]
* (2003): Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). "Rev. Ibér. Aracnol." vol. especial monográfico 1: 1-337.
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. "Harvard University Press" ISBN 0-674-02343-9