The Outward Urge

infobox Book |
name = The Outward Urge


image_caption =
author = John Wyndham
cover_artist =
country = United Kingdom
language = English
genre = Science fiction novel
publisher = Michael Joseph
release_date = 1959
media_type = Print (Hardback & Paperback)
pages = 192 pp
isbn = NA

"The Outward Urge" is a science fiction novel by John Wyndham (although it might arguably be regarded as a collection of linked short stories). It was originally published with four chapters in 1959. A fifth chapter was included in later versions, it was originally published in 1961 as a separate short story "The Emptiness of Space".

The novel's stated authorship has a peculiar history. It was published as co-written by John Wyndham and Lucas Parkes, but they were different pen-names for the same writer. He had used the pen-name Lucas Parkes earlier in his career. Unlike most of his novels, "The Outward Urge" was closer to typical hard science fiction [http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A5718486] and his publishers decided that they wanted to use the Wyndham and Parkes byline because it was "not your usual Wyndham style". [http://sca.lib.liv.ac.uk/~cheshire/sfead/html/5A15.html] .

Plot summary

It is a future history, set from 1994 to 2194. It tells the story, with chapters at 50-year intervals, of the exploration of space, with space stations in Earth orbit, then moon bases, and landings on Mars in 2094, Venus in 2144, and the asteroids. This is told through the Troon family, several members of which play an important part in the exploration of space, since they all feel "the outward urge", the desire to travel further into space. They all "hear the thin gnat-voices cry, star to faint star across the sky", a quote from "The Jolly Company" by Rupert Brooke. [http://www.amherst.edu/~rjyanco94/literature/rupertchawnerbrooke/poems/1908-1911/thejollycompany.html]

In 1994 "Ticker" Troon is killed foiling a Soviet missile attack on a British space station, and is later awarded a posthumous Victoria Cross.

In 2044 a major nuclear war between the USSR and the West wipes out most of the Northern Hemisphere, leaving Brazil as the main world power, which then claims that "Space is a province of Brazil". However Australia eventually emerges as a serious rival.

Major themes

Like many science fiction works of the period, this one became superseded by later developments after it was written. In this account, the first space stations in Earth orbit are built in the 1990s, and the first moon landings take place in the 2020s. Mars is correctly described as a desert planet with no Martians, but there are plant forms in the bottom of the "canali" (which are implied to be a natural phenomenon). Venus is a watery planet with some primitive life forms, the most advanced of which are lungfish.

Also a curious feature for someone reading it at the start of the 21st century, is that Wyndham assumes that by the early-to-mid 21st century little will have changed politically since the 1950s (another fairly common assumption in the science fiction of the time). The USSR still exists, capable of fighting a major nuclear war with the West. Britain is trying to keep up with the US and USSR as a superpower, lagging slightly behind but not much. White minority rule still exists in South Africa, although most of the whites are massacred in an uprising in 2045, and around 2120 there is a second rising which forces out the Indians.