Hōan

. [Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). "Annales des empereurs du japon," pp. 178-182; Brown, Delmer "et al." (1979). "Gukanshō," pp. 321-322; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). "Jinnō Shōtōki," pp. 203-204.]

Change of era

*; 1120: The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in "Gen'ei" 3, on the 10th day of the 4th month of 1120. [Brown, p. 321.]

Events of the "Hōan" era

* "Hōan 2", in the 5th month (1121): The priests of Mt. Hiei set fire to Mii-dera. [Titsingh, p. 181.]
* "Hōan 4", on the 28th day of the 1st month (1123): In the 17th year of Emperor Toba's reign (鳥羽天皇17年), Toba was forced to abdicate by his father, retired-Emperor Shirakawa. Toba gave up the throne in favor of his son Akihito, who would become Emperor Sutoku. Toba was only 21 years old when he renounced his title; and he had already reigned for 16 years: two in the "nengō" "Tennin", three in "Ten'ei", five in the "nengō" "Eikyū", two in "Gen'ei", and four in the "nengō" "Hōan." At this time, Toba took the title "Daijō-tennō." [Brown, pp. 320-321; Titsingh, p.181.] The succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by a his son. [Brown, p. 322; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of "senso" is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have "senso" and "sokui" in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.] ]
* "Hōan 4", in the 2nd month (1123): Emperor Sutoku is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’). [Titsingh, p. 182; Varley, p. 44.]

References

* Brown, Delmer and Ichiro Ishida, eds. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220] , "Gukanshō; "The Future and the Past: a translation and study of the 'Gukanshō,' an interpretive history of Japan written in 1219" translated from the Japanese and edited by Delmer M. Brown & Ichirō Ishida." Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03460-0
* Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652] , "Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth." Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [http://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran ...Click link for digitized, full-text copy of this book (in French)]
* Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359] , "Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley)." New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04940-4

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

Preceded by: Gen'ei

Era or "nengō": Hōan

Succeeded by: Tenji