- Aperture masking interferometry
Aperture Masking Interferometry is a form of
speckle interferometry , allowingdiffraction limited imaging from ground-basedtelescopes . This technique allows ground based telescopes to reach the maximum possible resolution, allowing ground-based telescopes with large diameters to produce far sharper images than theHubble Space Telescope . The principal limitation of the technique is that it is limited to relatively bright astronomical objects. A mask is placed over the telescope which only allows light through a small number of holes. This array of holes acts as a miniatureastronomical interferometer . The method was developed byJohn E. Baldwin and collaborators in theCavendish Astrophysics Group .In the aperture masking technique, the bispectral analysis (speckle masking) method is typically applied to data taken through masked apertures, where most of the aperture is blocked off and light can only pass through a series of small holes (subapertures). The aperture mask removes atmospheric noise from these measurements, allowing the bispectrum to be measured more quickly than for an un-masked aperture. For simplicity the aperture masks are usually either placed in front of the
secondary mirror (e.g. Tuthill et al. (2000)) or placed in a re-imaged aperture plane as shown in Figure 1.a) (e.g. Haniff et al. (1987); Young et al. (2000); Baldwin et al. (1986)). The masks are usually categorised either as non-redundant or partially redundant. Non-redundant masks consist of arrays of small holes where no two pairs of holes have the same separation vector (the same baseline - seeaperture synthesis ). Each pair of holes provides a set of fringes at a unique spatial frequency in the image plane. Partially redundant masks are usually designed to provide a compromise between minimising the redundancy of spacings and maximising both the throughput and the range of spatial frequencies investigated (Haniff & Buscher, 1992; Haniff et al. , 1989). Figures 1.b) and 1.c) show examples of aperture masks used in front of the secondary at the Keck telescope by Peter Tuthill and collaborators; Figure 1.b) is a non-redundant mask while Figure 1.c) is partially redundant. Although the signal-to-noise ofspeckle masking observations at high light level can be improved with aperture masks, the faintest limiting magnitude cannot be significantly improved for photon-noise limited detectors (see Buscher & Haniff (1993)).ee also
List of astronomical interferometers at visible and infrared wavelengths External links
* [http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s1404731.htm Old method brings life to new stars] - ABC Science Online
* [http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gekko/wr104.html Examples of high-resolution time-lapse movies produced with aperture masking]
* [http://www.amonline.net.au/eureka/scientific_research/2005_winner.htm#tuthill Peter Tuthill awarded Eureka award for aperture masking work]References
* [http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~gekko/papers/thesis.ps Peter Tuthill's PhD thesis on aperture masking]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1986Natur.320..595B&db_key=AST Baldwin et al. (1986)]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1993OSAJ...10.1882B&db_key=INST Buscher & Haniff (1993)]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1987Natur.328..694H&db_key=AST Haniff et al. (1987)]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1989MNRAS.241P..51H&db_key=AST Haniff et al., 1989]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1992OSAJ....9..203H&db_key=INST Haniff & Buscher, 1992]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2000PASP..112..555T&db_key=AST Tuthill et al. (2000)]
* [http://ukads.nottingham.ac.uk/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2000MNRAS.315..635Y&db_key=AST Young et al. (2000)]
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