Kurds in Armenia

The Kurds in Armenia mainly live in the western parts of Armenia. The Kurds of the former Soviet Union first began writing Kurdish in the Armenian alphabet in the 1920s, followed by Latin in 1927, then Cyrillic in 1945, and now in both Cyrillic and Latin.The Kurds in Armenia established a Kurdish radio broadcast from Yerevan and the first Kurdish newspaper Riya Teze. There is a Kurdish Department in the Yerevan State Institute of Oriental studies. The Kurds of Armenia were the first exiled country to have access to media such as radio, education and press in their native tongue [The Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook - P. 117. by Ronald Wixman ] but many Kurds, from 1939 to 1959 were listed as the Azeri population or even as Armenians [Mannerheim: Marshal of Finland - P. 210. by Alexandre Bennigsen, Stig Jägerskiöld, S. Enders Wimbush]

Yezidi Kurds in Armenia

The Armenian general Dro and the Yezidi Kurd Cengir Agha struggled together in 1918-1920 particular in the Battle of Bash-Aparan which was a battle against the Turkish army on May 21, 1918 during the Turkish-Armenian War, when the Turkish Army invaded the newly independent Democratic Republic of Armenia. More recently, Yezidi Kurds voluntiered to fight in the Nagorno-Karabakh War alongside Armenians.

Although the first Yezidi school ever was opened in Armenia in 1920, the treatment of Yezidis in Armenia has been mixed. The 2004 U.S. Department of State human rights report contains information which suggests that Yezidi Kurds are subjected to harassment in Armenia.Fact|date=September 2007

Muslim Kurds in Armenia

The historical threatment from Armenia toward Kurds, especially Muslim Kurds can be explained with that Armenia is disappointed with the fact that some Kurdish Muslim tribes in northern Kurdistan participated on the Ottoman Empire's side during the Armenian Genocide, but it is also true that Kurds hid and actually saved Armenians from the massacres.

In the Democratic Republic of Armenia of 1918–1920 the Kurds received political rights: a Kurdish representative elected to the Armenian parliament, some Kurds became officers of Armenian army and organized Kurdish volunteer units. [ [http://www.ezid.ru/articles/letif_mammad/2007_10_kurd.ru.html Гажар Аскеров КУРДСКАЯ ДИАСПОРА] ]

During the Soviet period a large number of Kurdish literature was published in Armenia, national schools and radio were opened. According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, the Soviet Armenia was the main center of Kurdish literature [ [http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00040/16300.htm?text=%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B Kurds at Great Soviet Encyclopedia] ]

During the periodn of stalinism in 1937, the Kurds in Armenia became victims of forced migration, thousands of Kurds were forcibly removed from Armenia. ["(McDowall - A Modern History of the Kurds, page 492)"]

According to the director of the Center of Kurdish research, the situation with Kurds in Armenia today is normal and there is not any open untolerance. [ [http://www.noev-kovcheg.ru/mag/2006-13/332.html Шакро Мгои: «После распада СССР многие курды так и не получили гражданства России»/ Noev Kovcheg, #13, 2006] ] .

In 1925 more than fifty schools were opened for the Kurds of Armenia [Encyclopedia of World Cultures - P 225. by David Levinson] . Thousands of Kurds were deported from Armenia in 1937 [Kurdish Culture and Society: An Annotated Bibliography - P. 22. by Lokman I. Meho, Kelly L. Maglaughlin]

In the period between 1992-94 the population of the former Red Kurdistan region was forced to flee due to the Nagorno-Karabakh War. This autonomy was established by Lenin that was disbanded by Stalin who agreed to the Ataturk's request (the significant part of inhabitants of Red Kurdistan deported to the Middle Asia and Kazakhstan). ["In 1929 Stalin as an exchanging for the friendship and neighborhood with Turkey agreed with the request of Mustafa Kemal to liquidate Red Kurdistan. Red Kurdistan was liquidated and the significant part of its population then were deported to Middle Asia and Kazakhstan" / Kazakhski Kurdistan, by Botagoz Seydakhmetova, http://www.np.kz/2003/42/mir.html] Red Kurdistan was not actually Kurdistan according to the Kurdish map and borders. Armenia has effectively occupied the former region Red Kurdistan as it is used as a crucial land corridor that connects Armenia with the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

Prominent Kurds of Armenia

* Hajie Jndi was a Kurdish writer. He wrote the "Help" revolutionary roman (1967), short stories and works on Kurdish culturology. [ [http://mirslovarei.com/content_bes/Adzhije-Dzhindi-885.html Hajie Jndi at Great Soviet Encyclopedia] ]
* Amine Avdal (1906-1964) was a Kurdish writer. He studied at Yerevan State University. Since 1930s Avdal published poems ("Spring", "Three brothers"), tales, etnological researches both in Kurdish and Armenian languages. [ [http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/bse/article/00002/69800.htm Amine Avdal at Great Soviet Encyclopedia] ]
* Shakro Mgoi is an Orientalist, member of Armenian National Academy and editorial staff of "Ria Taza" Kurdish newspaper. He published 14 books included the first academical publication of "Kurdish history" research.
* Charkaz Rash is studied at Yerevan Pedagogical University and is an author of poems and literary researches in Kurdish and Armenian languages. He is also the editor of "Mesopotamia" journal.

Kurdish-Armenian cultural relations

Prominent Armenian composer Komitas notated many Kurdish folk songs included "Lur dalur". Komitas was a guest of Hasan-agha in Aslan village, where he participated at the Kurdish evenings. Komitas loved the Kurdish popular art and in 1897 he made a diploma research at Berlin Conservatory on Kurdish music [ [http://www.ezid.ru/articles/old_article/'/09-04-2005_11-18-33.html (in Russian) An interview with Charkaz Rash // ДРУЖБА, №22, 2003] ] . Armenian writer Vrtanes Papazian translated the legend of "Lur dalur" into Armenian.

Armenian poet Hovhannes Shiraz used the motives of Kurdish legend in his famous poem "Siamanto and Khjezare".

ee also

*Yazidis in Armenia

References