Lampaul-Guimiliau

French commune
nomcommune=Lampaul-Guimiliau
native_name=Lambaol-Gwimilio


x=22
y=79
lat_long=coord|48|29|34|N|4|02|30|W|region:FR_type:city
insee=29097
cp=29400
région=Bretagne
département=Finistère
arrondissement=Morlaix
canton=Landivisiau
maire=François Floc'h
mandat=2001-2008
intercomm=Pays de Landivisiau
alt mini=39
alt maxi=172 m
km²=17.48
sans=1990
date-sans=1999
dens=114
date-dens=1999|

Lampaul-Guimiliau ( _br. Lambaol-Gwimilio) is a commune in Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France.

It is noted for its parish close.

Origins of place name

The place name element "lan" or "lam" ("llan" in Welsh) originally signified an enclosure, particularly a sacred enclosure, and later came to mean a church. The name "Lampaul" therefore means "church or enclosure dedicated to St Paulinus". St Pol, Paol, Paul or Paulinus was one of the seven founder saints of Brittany, a 6th century Welsh missionary closely associated with the Léon diocese of Brittany, in which Lampaul-Guimiliau is situated.

In the middle ages, the village was part of the parish of Guimiliau. This means "township of St Miliau", a Breton saint of the 6th or 9th century. Later, rising prosperity and economic growth brought separate status, with a separate parish church. Hence the name in full means "St Pol's Church in the Settlement of St Miliau".

Demographics

Inhabitants of Lampaul-Guimiliau are called "Lampaulais".

Places of interest

The Parish Close

Parish closes are a distinctive feature of the Breton culture of the Léon region. The close is so-called because it is a church yard entirely enclosed by a wall, with a ceremonial entrance arch. The closes of the Léon diocese date from the 16th and early 17th centuries, when the area was at the peak of its prosperity, founded on the hemp industry and on Channel and Atlantic trade.

The parish close of Lampaul-Guimiliau commands the road junction at the centre of the village. It is one of the best examples of its kind. It contains not only the church and graveyard of the parish, but also a large and elaborate calvary or crucifix and a noted charnel house, both common features of Breton closes, and a vast belfry. The church and charnel house display a large body of polychrome sculpture, mainly of 16th or 17th century date and rich in complex Christian iconography, reflecting the preoccupations of the Counter-Reformation or Catholic Reformation.

The Belfry

The belfry or bell tower, constructed from 1573, was originally one of the highest in Finistère. However it was truncated by fire following a lightning strike in 1809.

The Charnel House

The charnel house or ossuary dates from 1667 and was designed by the architect Guillaume Kerlezroux. it is dominated by a a retable portraying the Risen Christ. Formerly it also housed a notable tableau of the Entombment of Christ, which has now been moved into the church itself.

The Polychrome Interior

The interior of the church is replete with polychrome sculpture and decoration. Dominating the nave is a 16th century rood screen, showing the crucified Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary and St John the Apostle. Below this, scenes of the Passion are represented in rich detail.

A number of complex retables focus on the Passion and on the lives and deeds of saints, including John the Baptist, St Margaret the Virgin, and St Lawrence. Each is divided into numerous panels, with episodes modelled in relief, and each is flanked by free-standing statuary. There are also a number of important separate free-standing pieces, including an oak Descent from the Cross, the Entombment, and St Pol.

The baptistery is one of the most striking among the parish closes. It is an octagonal Baroque concoction, dating from about 1650. Unlike most of its kind, it is elaborately polychrome, with highly-elaborate pillars and finely-modelled representation of the baptism of Christ.

The church also displays its banners. These are an important artifact of Breton culture. They form a rallying point for parishioners attending the local pilgrimage festivals, known as pardons.

Gallery

Rood screen (16th century).
Deposition or Descent from the Cross (15th or 16th century).
Detail_of_the_Entombment_tableau,_1676,_by_Antoine_Chavagnac,_showing_Christ_attended_by_Joseph of Arimathea, Salome, Mary Magdalene, the Virgin Mary supported by St John the Apostle, and Mary the Mother of James.]
Retable of the Passion, with a representation of the Last Supper.
Retable of St Margaret (detail). St Margaret is shown trampling the dragon, which had previously swallowed her. She is the saint associated with pregnancy and childbirth.
Retable_of_John the Baptist, showing events from his life, including the baptism of Christ, his preaching in the desert and Salome bearing his severed head.
Detail_flanking_the_Passion_retable, showing the martyrdom of St Miliau, an 8th century Breton prince killed on his brother's orders.
St_Lawrence of Rome, a 3rd century martyr, who, according to legend, was roasted on a grid.
Canopy_of_the_17th_century_Baroque baptistery, portraying the baptism of Christ.
Polychrome pillars of the baptistery.
Banner of the Virgin Mary.
Banner_of_St Pol.
Banner_of_St Pol.
St Pol, pictured anachronistically in the garb of a 17th century bishop.
St Ives or Yves, associated with lawyers and a champion of the poor, a popular 13th century Breton saint.
Madonna and Child: the Virgin Mary with the Infant Jesus.

ee also

*Communes of the Finistère department

References

* [http://www.amf29.asso.fr/ Mayors of Finistère Association] fr icon;
* [http://www.insee.fr/en/home/home_page.asp INSEE] en icon;
* [http://www.ign.fr/rubrique.asp?rbr_id=1&lng_id=EN IGN] en icon

Further reading

Yannick Pelletier, "Lampaul-Guimiliau", Editions Jean-Paul Gisserot, 2005. ISBN 9 782877 474986A guide to the church, in French, with an introduction to the cultural and historical background to parish closes.

External links

* [http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_98=INSEE&VALUE_98=29097 French Ministry of Culture list for Lampaul-Guimiliau] fr icon