Josiah Conder (editor and author)

Josiah Conder, sometimes spelt "Condor", (September 17 1789 - December 27 1859), correspondent of Robert Southey and well connected to romantic authors of his day, was editor of the British literary magazine "Eclectic Review", the Nonconformist and abolitionist newspaper "The Patriot", the author of romantic verses, poetry, and many popular hymns that survive to this day. His most ambitious non-fiction work was the thirty-volume worldwide geographical tome "The Modern Traveller"; and his best-selling compilation book "The Congregational Hymn Book". In religious and political circles he was a prominent London Congregationalist, an abolitionist, and too an active part in seeking to repeal British anti-Jewish laws.

Early life

The fourth son of Thomas Conder, an active Nonconformist who worked in the City of London as an engraver and bookseller, Josiah was born September 17th 1789 at his father's bookshop in Falcon Street. His grandfather was Dr John Conder, a Dissenting minister and President of Homerton College.

In his infancy, Josiah lost the vision in one eye due to smallpox. He was sent a few miles north of the City of London to the village of Hackney, for electrical treatment, a technique believed to be able to prevent the disease from spreading further to also cause blindness in his other eye. He recovered, and continued to be educated at a Dissenting Academy in Hackney village under the tutorship of the Reverend Mr. Palmer.

At the age of ten his first essay were published in 'The Monthly Preceptor', and on reaching fifteen, he began work as an assistant in his family's City bookshop. On reaching the age of 21 (in 1811), he took over the family business. A short time later, Josiah married Joan Elizabeth Thomas ('Eliza Thomas'), one of his circle of friends with whom he had initially formed a literary association in 1810 to jointly contribute to the book, "The Associate Minstrels".

Literary & Religious Works

Josiah Conder's work at the bookshop soon came to an end (c.1819), after wider recognition of his literary talents had led to him being offered the editorship of "The Eclectic Review", a prestigious literary journal that he continued to edit for twenty years (1814-37). With strong Congregational links, he was also invited to edit "The Patriot", a newspaper that espoused nonconformist and evangelical causes, and for which he was editor for twenty-three years (1832-55).

Although Josiah Conder never travelled abroad himself, he compiled all thirty volumes of "The Modern Traveller', his non-fiction publishing epic covering the geography of many of countries of the world. It sold well, but was outsold by his "Congregational Hymn Book", some 90,000 copies of which were ordered in its first seven years.

Amongst Josiah Conder's published works were:
*The Congregational Hymn Book, 1834
*The Modern Traveller, 1825-29
*The Withered Oak, 1805
*The Reverie, 1811
*The Star in the East, with Other Poems Chiefly Religious and Domestic, 1824
* Sacred Poems, Domestic Poems, and Miscellaneous Poems, 1824
* The Choir and the Oratory, 1836/7
* The Harmony of History with Prophecy, an explanation of the Apocalypse, 1849
* Hymns of Praise, Prayer, and Devout Meditation, 1856
* The Poet of the Sanctuary, I. Watts, 1851
* Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan, with a Life of the Author by Josiah Conder, 1838
* Narrative of a Residence in South Africa by Thomas Pringle, with a Life of the Author by Josiah Conder, 1835

"The Choir & The Oratory or Praise & Prayer", became noted for one poem, 'The Apocalypse', which earned him a place in English Romantic literature; its popularity prompted him to pen the commentary, "The Harmony of History with Prophecy, and Explanation of the Apocalypse' for the more interested of his readers.

Amongst his hymns are the following:
* Baptized into Our Savior’s Death
* Be Merciful, O God of Grace
* Beyond, Beyond That Boundless Sea
* Blessed Be God, He Is Not Strict
* Bread of Heaven, on Thee We Feed
* Comrades of the Heavenly Calling
* Day by Day the Manna Fell
* Followers of Christ of Every Name
* Forever Will I Bless the Lord
* Grant Me, Heavenly Lord, to Feel
* Thou art the Everlasting Word
* 'Tis not that I did choose Thee

Considered to reflect his evangelical and liberal, nondenominational, outlook, these hymns were widely adopted by churches and chapels throughout the western world. By the early twentieth century, some seventy years after his death, one biographer noted that more of Josiah Conder's hymns were in common use in Britain and the USA, than those of any other Congregational author except for the great Dr Isaac Watts and his friend Doddridge. Today, electronic downloads are available for the more popular ones.

Political Work for Abolition

Josiah Conder's political work included a tract on the superior value of free labour over slave labour. In 1839 he became a founding Committee Member of the "British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society for the Abolition of Slavery and the Slave-trade Throughout the World", which is today known as Anti-Slavery International. In this role he was an organiser of, and delegate to, the world's first Anti-slavery convention, which was held in London in 1840 - an event depicted in a large painting by Benjamin Haydon that hangs in the National Portrait Gallery, London. His poem 'The Last Night of Slavery' dated 1st August 1834, evoking the horrors of the middle passage, was published in his collection, "The Choir and the Oratory, or Praise and Prayer", 1837. It was republished in the anthology, "Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation: writings in the British Romantic Period" (London: Pickering & Chatto) in 1999. Josiah Conder's "Biographical Sketch of the Late Thomas Pringle", the Secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society, was published in 1835, and widely sold bound together with Thomas Pringle's own "Narrative of a Residence in South Africa" (1834).

Shortly before his untimely death, Josiah Conder was prominent in the campaign to finance and make arrangements for Samuel Ringgold Ward, an African-American who escaped slavery in the USA, to travel the length and breadth of Britain speaking to crowds to encourage support for the abolition of slavery in southern states of America, at a time when British foreign policy, as epitomised by Viscount Palmerston, was supportive of slavery in the USA in marked contrast to its determined attempts to close down the supply and trade from West African chieftains, eventually isolating just the King of Dahomey and the Chief of Lagos. Samuel Ringgold Ward held a large meeting at Crosby Hall on the 20th of March, 1854, to thank Josiah Conder and others in his close circle, mainly nonconformists such as Dr Thomas Binney and the Rev James Sherman who supported him in England in contrast to the double standards of government policy which prioritised cheap cotton from the southern slave states over African-American civil rights.

Joseph Conder's wife also took a role in abolition in the USA. In December 1852, along with a number of other British women of the period, she was part of the group of ladies who met at Stafford House on Friday, the 26th December "to consider the expediency of addressing a memorial from the women of England to the women of the United States, on the subject of slavery", and developed this work through her role on the sub-committee.

Death & Memorial

Josiah Conder died on December 27th 1855, at St John's Wood, Hampstead, following an attack of jaundice, and was buried at the Congregationalists' nondenominational garden cemetery, Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington with a grey, polished granite, chest tomb as his monument. His wife Joan, died in 1877 and is buried with him and other family members.

"He left five children, one of whom is a daughter. The four sons are, Mr. Francis R. Conder, a civil engineer and railway contractor; the Rev. Eustace R. Conder, Pastor of the Congregational Church at Poole; Mr. Jonah Conder of the Bank of England; and Mr Charles Conder, who is associated in professional pursuits with his eldest brother." [http://books.google.com/books?id=jtYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA206&dq=eustace+conder&lr=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=h47jSJqxF5zitAP8hcXeDg#PPA206,M1| Obituary in "The Gentleman's Magazine"]

External links

* [http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/c/o/n/conder_j.htm Hymns]
* [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp00996 The first World Anti-Slavery Convention, 1840]
* [http://www.sonnets.org/conder.htm Sonnets - "The Seasons"]
* [www.selahpub.com/Choral/ChoralTitles/ 410-417-BreadOfHeaven.html download site for hymns]
* [http://www.stempublishing.com/hymns/biographies/condor.html Hymns]
* [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101006059/ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]
* [http://www.rochester.edu/College/ENG/eng529/aeza/conder.htm The Apocalypse in English Romantic Literature]
* "Josiah Conder: A Memoir", by Eustace Rogers Conder (1857) [http://books.google.com/books?lr=&num=100&as_brr=3&q=author%3Aconder+author%3Aeustace&btnG=Search+Books]