Violet Barclay

[
250px|thumb|Barclay_as_depicted_by_uncredited_artist_in_Stan Lee (1947)] Violet Barclay (born November 5, 1922, Manhattan, New York City, New York)"Alter Ego" #33 (Feb. 2004; flip side): "Viva Valerie" (Valerie Barclay interview), p. 2] , who also worked under the name Valerie Barclay and the married name Valerie Smith, is an American illustrator best known as one of the pioneering female comic-book artists, having started in the field during the 1930s and '40s period historians and fans call the Golden Age of Comic Books.

Born Violet Barclay, she adopted "Valerie" in adulthood, after actress Valerie Hobson, though without filing for legal change of name.Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 7]

Biography

Early life and career

Valerie Barclay was raised in Manhattan, with a sister,Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 12] two younger brothers, and a single mother who had left her husband when Barclay was a minor.Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 4] Barclay attended the School of Industrial Art high school, where her classmates included future comic-book professional Allen Bellman, [ [http://www.comicartville.com/bellmanpg2.htm Comicartville Library: "A Timely Talk with Allen Bellman" (2005 Q&A interview, no date), p. 2] ] and the School of Visual Arts. She obtained her first job in comics after Mike Sekowsky — a fellow Industrial Art alumnus and a penciler for Marvel Comics predecessor Timely Comics — met her while she was working at the restaurant Cafe Rouge. She recalled in a 2004 interview:

Initially using the name Violet Barclay, she went on staff at Timely in January 1942, when the company moved from its first location, the McGraw-Hill Building, to its home of the next several years, the Empire State Building. Due to her work going unsigned and uncredited, in the general manner of the times, comprehensive credits are difficult if not impossible to ascertain. "The Who's Who of American Comic Books 1928-1999" credits Barclay as having inked stories for the Timely funny animal features "Super Rabbit" (1942-48) and "Ziggy Pig and Silly Seal" (1943-47), and in the teen-humor titles "Jeanie", "Rusty", "Willie" (all 1947-48), and "Georgie", (1949) and the career-girl humor series "Nellie the Nurse" (1949).

During this time, Barclay's complicated relationship with benefactor Sekowsky — who bestowed expensive gifts on her even after his marriage to Joanne LattaBarclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 3] — caused friction in the Timely bullpen, which she left in 1949. As she later described the office environment,

Sekowsky, one of the nascent Marvel Comics' mainstays, chose to remain and "make George's life hell". Nonetheless, Barclay recalled the staff often having cocktails together at Longchamps , the Empire State Building's ground-floor restaurant, and found Timely "a pleasant place to work".

In her personal life during this time, Barclay said in 2004 that, "I was married before I met Mike, but my husband's divorce was not final. ... His wife sent him divorce papers, and they were dated after our marriage. [I] had to go to court and get an annulment. Mike paid for it and it cost $350".Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 11] Later, in the early 1950s, she married a man name Johnny Smith.Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", pp. 7 and 9] After leaving Timely in 1949, Barclay freelanced, doing inking on D.S. Publishing's crime comic "Exposed" (1949), and both penciling and inking stories for Standard's "Intimate Love" (1951-53); DC Comics (1952); American Comics Group (1952-54); St. John Publications (1953); and the Ace Periodicals comic book "Complete Love Magazine" (1954). Most of her freelance comics work was in the romance genre.

Later life and career

In the mid-1950s, during an industry downtown, Barclay left comics, unable to find work in the field. Though her natural hair color "was dark, almost black," she "became a platinum blond fashion model".Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 15] Unsuccessful, she left after a year to become a waitress, followed by stints as a hostess for various restaurants.

She eventually segued into fashion illustration, working for some years for such national retail chains as Lane Bryant and Abraham & Straus.Barclay interview, "Alter Ego", p. 16] She retired with the advent of computer graphics, and, as of 2004, lives in New York City and paints re-creations of John Singer Sargent portraits.

Quotes

Timely Comics artist Allen Bellman: "I knew her well before my Timely days. She was called Violet back then but she was always changing her name. She was a bit of a loner who was always by herself. But she was an exquisitely beautiful young lady. She was a staff inker. I remember she would use India ink with a brush for mascara". [ [http://www.comicartville.com/bellmanpg2.htm Comicartville Library: "A Timely Talk with Allen Bellman" (2005 Q&A interview, no date), p. 2] ]

Footnotes

References

* [http://lambiek.net/artists/b/barclay_valerie.htm Lambiek Comiclopedia: Valerie Barclay]
*Robbins, Trina, "That 'Glamorous Girl Inker'", "Alter Ego" #11 (Nov. 2001), pp. 30-32 (profile)
* [http://www.bailsprojects.com/(S(ph5jx145j4yq3m55iv0jzdyv))/bio.aspx?Name=BARCLAY%2C+VALERIE Bails, Jerry, "Who's Who of American Comic Books 1928-1999": Barclay, Valerie]
* [http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04232007-124907/unrestricted/Chenault_Wesley_200605_ma.pdf "Working The Margins: Women In The Comic Book Industry", by Wesley Chenault (master's thesis, College of Arts and Sciences. Georgia State University, 2007)]
* [http://www.comics.org/ The Grand Comic Book Database]
* [http://www.maelmill-insi.de/UHBMCC/ The Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators]