Foro (bird)

Taxobox
name = "Foro"
status = fossil
fossil_range = Early Eocene (Ypresian-Lutetian)
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
subclassis = Neornithes
infraclassis = Neoaves
ordo = see text
familia = Foratidae (disputed)
familia_authority =
genus = "Foro"
genus_authority =
species = "F. panarium"
binomial = "Foro panarium"
binomial_authority =

"Foro" is a mysterious genus of bird that lived during the early to mid-Eocene around the Ypresian-Lutetian boundary, some 48 million years ago. It is known from fossils found in the Green River Formation of Wyoming. Only a single species, "Foro panarium", is known.

Its relationships are unknown. It is sometimes placed in a distinct family Foratidae. It ay or may not be related to the Cuculiformes (including turacos) and is sometimes seen as a "missing link" between the cuckoos and/or turacos and the puzzling "Hoatzi" of Amazonia. The latter might be related to any number of different modern birds however; its affinities constitute a major ornithological enigma.

In addition, the Eocene genus "Hoatzi" from Argentina has been allied to both the Hoatzin and "Foro" and even been considered congeneric with the latter. What is certain is that the Cuculiformes, especially the turacos, are among the likelier candidates for the Hoatzin's closest living relatives. There is an ancestral hoatzin, "Hoatzinoides", from the Early or Middle Miocene of Colombia, which would at least not contradict the assumption that "Foro panarium" was an ancient member of the Hoatzin lineage [And in this case probably best considered a basal Opisthocomiformes - or maybe Cuculiformes - and not a distinct family for the time being.] or its predecessor. On the other hand, it has been proposed that the Hoatzin belongs to a highly distinct clade of (probably) Cretacous origin, the Metaves. As nothing certain about the evolutionary history of the Hoatzin lineage throughout the Paleogene is known at all, "F. panarium" cannot support or contradict this hypothesis either.

What can be said is that "Foro", with its stocky body and rather weak flight apparatus was in all likelihood a bird that did not fly vast distances. Consequently, it is not very likely that it is congeneric with "Hoatzi", as North and South America were still separate by some 1600 km (1000 miles) of shallow seas and the Central American island arc when these birds lived, and seem to have shared only strong-flying and highly migratory genera such as seabirds. Being able to fly at all would still enable even a rather sedentary bird lineage to spread across all of the Americas by then of course; "Foro" and "Hoatzi" seem to be distinct genera, but nonetheless in some way related and possibly quite closely so.

Footnotes

External links

* Dinosauricon: [http://dino.lm.com/images/display.php?id=924 Hoatzin, "Hoatzinoides", "Foro"] . Reconstruction by paleo-artist Martin F. Chavez H. Note that details are largely conjectural, but the reconstruction works well both assumption of a cuculiform and a columbiform relationship. Retrieved 2007-FEB-28.