Ilyushin Il-12

infobox Aircraft
name = Il-12
type =
logo =
manufacturer = Ilyushin


caption =
designer =
first flight = 1945
introduction =
retired =
status =
primary user =Aeroflot
more users =
produced =
number built = 663
unit cost =
developed from =
variants with their own articles = Ilyushin Il-14The Ilyushin Il-12 (NATO reporting name Coach) was a Soviet twin-engined cargo aircraft, developed in the mid-1940s for Aeroflot.

The aircraft was intended to replace the Lisunov Li-2, which was a licence produced version of the Douglas DC-3. The new aircraft followed a classical layout for a twin engined transport, with a metallic structure, monoplane wings, a conventional tail section. One major improvement over the Li-2 design was the tricycle gear, which allowed better visibility when taxiing and landing. It had increased wing surface compared with the DC-3/Li2, which was necessary owing to the increased power.

The aircraft made its maiden flight on 15 August 1945 cite web |url= http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/history/dates.html|title= Dates of Maiden Flights by Aircraft Designed by "Ilyushin" Design Bureau.|accessdate=2007-08-25 |format= |work=Ilyushin Aviation Complex ] , powered by two ACh-31 diesel engines (each producing 1,500 hp). It was soon decided to re-engine the aircraft with Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engines, the revised aircraft flying on 9 January 1946 .

It was found to have major problems during testing, having poor engine out characteristics and requiring a strut under the rear fuselage to prevent tipping during loading due to CG problems.

The fuselage had a considerable volume, and was equipped with 8 rectangular windows on each side. The crew consisted of 3 and the aircraft could transport 32 soldiers, 32 parachutists or cargo. There was also a civil version, which although designed to carry up to 32 passengers, was limited in Aeroflot service to 21, with normally only 18 carried. This meant that use of the Il-12 for passenger use was un-economic. Some 663 Il-12 were manufactured.

The aircraft was later improved into the Ilyushin Il-14.

Variants

* Il-12 : Twin-engined passenger, cargo transport aircraft.
* Il-12A : Unmodified Ilyushin Il-12 aircraft.
* Il-12B : Modified Ilyushin Il-12 aircraft, fitted with an improved de-icing system, lengthened nosewheel and a small dorsal fin fillet.
* Il-12D : Twin-engined military transport aircraft for the Soviet Air Force.

Operators

; flag|Bulgaria|1946
* TABSO;flag|Czechoslovakia:
* Czechoslovak Airlines; flag|People's Republic of China:
* CAAC
* People's Liberation Army Air Force; flag|Poland:
* LOT; flag|Romania|1948
* TAROM; flag|Soviet Union:
* Aeroflot
* Soviet Air Force

pecifications (Il-12)

aircraft specifications

plane or copter?=plane
jet or prop?=prop

ref=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 - 1995 Cite book|author=Gunston, Bill|authorlink =Bill_Gunston|title=The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft from 1875 - 1995|publisher=Osprey Aerospace |location=London|year=1995|isbn= 1-85532-405-9

crew=3
capacity=21 passengers
payload main=
payload alt=
length main= 21.31 m
length alt=69 ft 11 in
span main=31.7 m
span alt=104 ft 0 in
height main=8.07 m [cite web |url= http://www.aircrafts.nl/index.php?page=il-12-coach|title=ILyushin IL-12 Coach |accessdate=2007-08-25 |format= |work=Aircrafts.nl |language= Dutch]
height alt=26 ft 5⅝in
area main= 103 m²
area alt= 1,109 ft²
airfoil=
empty weight main= 11,045 kg
empty weight alt= 24,350 lb
loaded weight main=
loaded weight alt=
useful load main=
useful load alt=
max takeoff weight main= 17,250 kg
max takeoff weight alt= 38,029 lb
more general=

engine (prop)=ASh-82FNV
type of prop=14 cylinder two-row air cooled radial engine
number of props=2
power main= 1,380 kW
power alt=1,850 hp
power original=

propeller or rotor?= propeller
propellers=
number of propellers per engine=
propeller diameter main=
propeller diameter alt=

max speed main= 407 km/h
max speed alt= 220 knots, 253 mph
max speed more= at 2,500 m (8,200 ft)
cruise speed main=
cruise speed alt=
stall speed main=
stall speed alt=
never exceed speed main=
never exceed speed alt=
range main= 1,500 km with 26 passengers
range alt=810 nm, 932 mi
ceiling main= 6,500 m
ceiling alt=21,325 ft
climb rate main=
climb rate alt=
loading main=
loading alt=
thrust/weight=
power/mass main=
power/mass alt=
more performance=
*Climb to 5,000 m (16,400 ft): 15 minutes
*Endurance: 4.5 hr

References