Æthelwold of Carlisle

Æthelwold of Carlisle

Infobox bishopbiog
name =Athelwold


religion =Catholic
See =Carlisle
Title =Bishop of Carlisle
Period = 1133–1157
Predecessor = new foundation
Successor =Paulinus of Leeds
ordination =
bishops =
post =Prior of Nostell
date of birth =
place of birth =
date of death = 1156 or 1157
place of death =

Athelwold (or Æthelwulf, Aethelwulf, Aldulf, Ethelwulf, or Adelulf) was the first Bishop of Carlisle.

Life

His name and the fact that he owned lands in Yorkshire suggests that Athelwold was of English birth, and not a Norman.Bartlett "England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings" p. 400] He was an Augstinian canon who first served King Henry I of England as his confessor.Hollister "Henry I" p. 464] Sometime about 1122, he persuaded Henry to help a group of clerics at Nostell find a new site for their priory.Hollister "Henry I" p. 398] Athelwold then became prior of the newly established Nostell Priory. [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33856 British History Online Bishops of Carlisle] accessed on 20 October 2007] Some reports give Athelwold a role as an advisor to King Henry during the selection of William de Corbeil as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1123. While prior he built the crypt of the monastic church and represented King Henry at a papal council held at Rheims in 1131. He also founded daughter houses of Nostell at Scone in Scotland.Summerson "Athelwold (d. 1156/7)" "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50338 Online Edition] accessed 20 November 2007]

He was nominated to the see of Carlisle about June of 1133, and consecrated in August of 1133.Fryde "Handbook of British Chronology" p. 235] Carlisle was a newly founded see, created by King Henry in Cumbria, in order to extend the rule of the English into areas in dispute between Scotland and England. Previously the area had been under the control of the bishop of Glasgow, but with the new foundation under the authority of the Archbishop of York, English rule would be easier to assert in the area. The idea had been under discussion for about ten years prior to 1133.Burton "Monastic and Religious Orders" p. 52] The see was established with the Augustinian priory of St. Mary's in Carlisle as the cathedral church.Rose "Cumbrian Society" "Studies in Church History" p. 125]

He installed Augustinian canons into his newly founded cathedral, which was the only cathedral in England with a cathedral chapter composed of that order of canons. The monastic rule in use in the cathedral was the Rule of Arrouaise, a French Augustinian house noted for it's austerity. Carlisle only kept the Arrouaisian Rule under Æthelwold, however. In 1135, King David I of Scotland invaded and annexed the counties that comprised the see of Carlisle, and drove Athelwold out. Athelwold spent the next few years at King Stephen of England's court. After the Battle of the Standard in 1138, the papal legate Alberic made peace between Athelwold and King David, and Athelwold spent time at the Scottish king's court after this.Stringer "State-Building" in Appleby "Government, Religion and Society in Northern England" p. 49]

Athelwold signed the charter of liberties issued by King Stephen of England right after the king's coronation.Powell "The House of Lords" p. 64] He later was a supporter of Henry Murdac for the see of York, against King Stephen's choice of William FitzHerbert.Barlow "The English Church 1066-1154" p. 98] Appleby "The Troubled Reign of King Stephen" p. 163-165] When Murdac was driven from his see in 1148, Athelwold welcomed him to Carlisle. He also set up the organization of the diocese on such a firm footing that the fifty year vacancy that transpired until the next bishop of Carlisle took office did little damage to the diocese. He retained the priorate of Nostell until 1153, when he resigned due to ill health. After the accession of King Henry II of England, Athelwold attended the new king's court.Stringer "State-Building" in Appleby "Government, Religion and Society in Northern England" p. 61] He died on 16 June 1157 or on 25 May 1156.

Notes

References

* Appleby, John C. and Paul Dalton (ed.) "Government, Religion and Society in Northern England 1000-1700" Stroud: Sutton Publishing 1997 ISBN 0-7509-1057-7
* Appleby, John T. "The Troubled Reign of King Stephen 1135-1154" New York:Barnes & Noble 1969 reprint 1995 ISBN 1-56619-848-8
* Barlow, Frank "The English Church 1066-1154" London:Longman 1979 ISBN 0-582-50236-5
* Bartlett, Robert "England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings: 1075-1225" Oxford:Clarendon Press 2000 ISBN 0-19-822741-8
* [http://british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=33856 British History Online Bishops of Carlisle] accessed on 20 October 2007
*
*
* Hollister, C. Warren "Henry I" ed. by Amanda Clark Frost New Haven:Yale University Press 2001 ISBN 0-300-08858-2
* Powell, J. Enoch and Keith Wallis "The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540" London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1968
*
* Stringer, Keith J. "State-Building in Twelfth-Century Britain: David I, King of Scots, and Northern England" in Appleby, John C. and Paul Dalton (ed.) "Government, Religion and Society in Northern England 1000-1700" Stroud: Sutton Publishing 1997 ISBN 0-7509-1057-7
* Summerson, Henry "Athelwold (d. 1156/7)" "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/50338 Online Edition] accessed 20 November 2007

Persondata
NAME=Athelwold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Aethelwulf; Æthelwulf; Adelulf; Aldulf; Ethelwulf
SHORT DESCRIPTION=Bishop of Carlisle
DATE OF BIRTH=
PLACE OF BIRTH=
DATE OF DEATH=16 June 1157
PLACE OF DEATH=


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