Robert Faulknor the younger

Infobox Military Person
name=Robert Faulknor the younger
lived=1763-1795


caption=Printed memorial to Robert Faulknor,
by H. D. Gardner, published 1795 (after James Roberts)
nickname=
placeofbirth=Northampton
placeofdeath=Off Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe
allegiance=United Kingdom
branch=Navy
serviceyears=1777-1795
rank=Captain
unit=
commands="Pluto", "Zebra", "Rose", "Blanche"
battles=American War of Independence,
West Indies theatre of the
War of the First Coalition
awards=
relations=Jonathan Faulknor the elder (brother)
laterwork=

Robert Faulknor the younger (1763–1795) was an 18th century Royal Navy officer, part of the Faulknor naval dynasty.

Life

Early life

He was born in Northampton, the eldest of the two sons of Robert Faulknor the elder and Elizabeth (née Ashe). Sometime after that the family moved to Dijon, France, where they stayed until Robert the elder died there on 9 May 1769, when his widow and the children returned to Northampton. Robert and his brother were entered into a grammar school, with Robert then entering the Royal Naval Academy, Portsmouth, in 1774.

First commissions

Robert completed his term at the Academy in March 1777 and joined HMS "Isis" (50 guns), under the Hon. William Cornwallis, stationed in North America. He then followed Cornwallis to HMS "Bristol" (50 guns) and then the HMS "Lion" (64 guns), seeing many engagements in 1779/80. From December 1780 to March 1783 Robert served in the "Princess Royal" (98 guns) and "Britannia" (98 guns), leading Rear-Admiral Sir Joshua Rowley to call him (among other praise) ‘a young man of great merit’ [J. Ralfe, The naval biography of Great Britain, 3 (1828), 310] . After the American War of Independence, Robert Faulknor was one of a lucky few officers to gain peacetime commissions, and was put in command of the sloop "Merlin" after the "Britannia"'s paying-off in March 1783 and then, from December 1783, to the "Daphne" (20 guns).Fact|date=January 2008

"Pluto"

He was appointed to serve in the "Impregnable" (98 guns) during the Nootka Sound crisis in May 1790 and was six months later promoted to commander, though only in April 1791 did he get his first command at that rank (the fireship "Pluto"). That command ended in September 1791, after which he remained on half pay until the outbreak of the War of the First Coalition against France in 1793.

Martinique

After the outbreak of war, he was in June 1793 given the sloop "Zebra", stationed in the English Channel and then - through his mother's lobbying of Lord Chatham - attached to Sir John Jervis's expedition to the West Indies. There, in the February 1794 attack on Martinique, HMS "Zebra" and HMS "Asia" (64 guns) were ordered to give a covering bombardment for the landing of ground troops and seaman (from other smaller ships, under the direct command of Captains Riou and Nugent) by anchoring close under the walls of Fort St Louis, but - when the "Asia" failed to reach her allotted position - Faulknor instead took the "Zebra" even closer to the fort, scaled its walls at the head of his men and had a lucky escape when a wooden cartouche (powder cartridge) box strapped to his waist was struck by grapeshot but left him unharmed. Riou and Nugent's force had probably already entered the fort by this point, but Jervis witnessed Faulknor's action, publicly praised him for it, and promoted him captain of the frigate "Rose" and then (several months later, as the expedition moved to attack the island of Guadeloupe) of the heavier frigate "Blanche" (32 guns).Fact|date=January 2008

Court martial

On 21 April he led a party of his seamen during the attack on Fort Fleur d'Epée on Guadeloupe, was attacked by two French soldiers, lost his sword, knocked to the ground, but finally rescued by his own men. Also during the attack on Guadeloupe, Faulknor became involved in an angry altercation [He was known as ‘fiery, fierce, and ungoverned in his passions’ - even Faulknor himself wrote on one occasion of his own ‘unfortunate rashness and impetuosity’ - W. Gilpin, Memoir of Josias Rogers, esq. (1808), 113; Ralfe, 3.314] with an engineer who had criticised the battery erected by Faulknor's men, during which he ran through a quartermaster of the "Boyne" (98 guns, and Jervis's flagship) with his sword for making some form of contemptuous comment, and killed him instantly. Faulknor's own seamen working on the battery immediately refused to serve under him, with a mutiny only averted by the intercession of other officers and by Faulknor's immediate court martial, at which he was acquitted. Faulknor was remorseful, but maintained that he had been provoked, and for the rest of his life he was morose and restless, pacing his cabin at night. Waiting for his court martial, he wrote to Lieutenant Hill of the "Zebra" that he was less concerned:"for my own fate, than [for] that of being accessory to the death of any human being not the natural enemy of myself or my country … the hasty and sudden punishment I unhappily inflicted on the spot will be a source of lasting affliction to my mind." [Ralfe, 3.314]

Death

The "Blanche" was detached in December 1794 to cruise off the island of Desirade. That island was held by the French and, on 4 January 1795, the "Blanche" 's crew discovered the French frigate "Pique" off Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe. The French ship at first seemed to be trying to avoid an action, but the two ships eventually came to close quarters in the early hours of 5 January, in an engagement of over 3 3/4 hours in which the "Blanche" lost her main and mizzen masts. One and a quarter hours in, the "Pique" ran her bow on board the "Blanche", making her unable to bring any of her guns to bear on the "Blanche" and (once the English crew had rapidly lashed the French ship's bowsprit to the remains of the "Blanche"'s main mast) unable to manoeuvre. Faulknor was wounded, but not fatally, and continued to direct the action until killed by two more musket shot, and Lieutenant Frederick Watkins took over command. Two hours later the Pique surrendered. Faulknor was buried the day after his death on the Isles des Saintes and, following news of his death, he was commemorated with a memorial in St Paul's Cathedral, London.

ources

* [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9209 DNB]

References