S-200

"For the S-200 Minijet see SIPA"Infobox Weapon
name= S-200 Dvina
NATO reporting name: SA-5 Gammon


caption= Model of the S-200 missile on its launcher
origin= flagcountry|Soviet Union
type= Strategic SAM system
is_vehicle=yes
is_UK=yes
service= 1963-present
used_by=See list of present and former operator
wars=
designer= Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defencecite web |url=http://www8.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/yb/jlad/jlad0225.htm |title=Almaz/Antei Concern of Air Defence S-200 Angara/Vega (SA-5 'Gammon') low to high-altitude surface-to-air missile system |accessdate=2008-08-15 |date=2008-04-02 |publisher=Jane's Information Group ]
design_date=early 1950s
manufacturer=
unit_cost=
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variants= S-200, S-200V (S-200VE), S-200D (S-200DE), S-200A
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The NPO Almaz S-200 "Angara/Vega/Dubna" (Russian АнгараВегаДубна), NATO reporting name SA-5 "Gammon", is a very long range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system designed to defend large areas from bomber attack or other strategic aircraft (such as the SR-71 "Blackbird"). Each battalion has 6 single-rail missile launchers for the 10.72 m (35 ft) long missiles and a fire control radar. It can be linked to other, longer-range radar systems.

Description

The first S-200 operational regiments were deployed in 1966 with 18 sites and 342 launchers in service by the end of the year. By 1967, the S-200 was officially accepted into service in order to replace the failed anti-ballistic missile RZ-25/5V11 "Dal". The Dal was assigned the NATO reporting name SA-5 "Griffon" before it was cancelled. By 1968 there was 40 sites, and by 1969 there was 60 sites. The growth in numbers then gradually increased throughout the 1970s and early 1980s until the peak of 130 sites and 1,950 launchers was reached in 1985.

Missiles

Infobox Weapon
name= 5V21


caption= 5V21 missile elevated to a launch position on the S-200 missile system
origin= flagcountry|Soviet Union
type= Surface-to-air missile
is_missile=yes
is_UK=yes
service= 1967-present
used_by= See list of operators
designer= Petr Grushin design bureau
design_date=
manufacturer=
unit_cost=
production_date=
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variants= 5V21, 5V28, 5V28V
spec_label= 5V28V
weight= 7 100 kg
length= 10.8 m
part_length=
width=
height=
diameter=
crew=
filling= Frag-HE
filling_weight= 217 kg
detonation= proximity and command fuzingcite web |url=http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-200.htm |title=S-200 SA-5 GAMMON |accessdate=2008-08-15 |date=1998-07-03 ]
yield=
armour=
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engine=
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pw_ratio=
transmission=
payload_capacity=
suspension=
clearance=
wingspan=
propellant= dual-thrust solid-fueled rocket motor
fuel_capacity=
vehicle_range= convert|300|km|mi
ceiling=
altitude= convert|40000|m|ft
boost= 4 solid-fueled strap-on rocket boosters
speed= 2 500 m/s
guidance=
steering=
accuracy=
launch_platform=
transport=Each missile is launched by 4 solid-fueled strap-on rocket boosters. After they drop away it fires a dual-thrust solid-fueled rocket motor. Maximum range is between 200 and 350 km (108 and 189 nmi), depending on the model. The missile uses radio illumination mid-course correction to fly towards the target with a terminal semi active radar homing phase. Maximum target speed is around Mach 4. Effective altitude is 300 to 20,000 m (1,000 to 66,000 ft) for early models and up to 40,000 m (125,000 ft) for later models. The warhead is either 215 kg (474 lb) of high explosive triggered by proximity or command signal, or a 25 kT nuclear warhead triggered by command signal only. Each missile weighs around 2800 kg (6,200 lb).

The system utilises radio semi active guidance with mid-course correction and has, for the first time in a Russian system, terminal semi active radar homing, which is far more accurate at long range than the command guidance method used by the 2K11 Krug and other missiles. The existence of an optional terminal passive radar homing mode for use against AEW aircraft remains unconfirmed. Peak missile speed is around Mach 8 and the single-shot kill probability is quoted as 0.85, presumably against a high altitude bomber-type target.

Main radar system

The fire control radar of the S-200 system is the 5N62 (NATO: Square Pair) CW H band radar, whose range is 270 km (168 mi).It is used for both the tracking of targets and their illumination.

Additional radar systems

thumb|left|Oborona "Tall King C" early warning radar(at the Hungarian site Medina)

* P-14/5N84A "Tall King" A-band early warning radar (range 600 km372 mi, 2-6 RPM, maximum search altitude 46 km150,000 ft)
* or "Big Back" E-band early warning radar (range 600 km372 mi)
* Kabina 66/5N87 "Back Net" or "Back Trap" E-band early warning radar (with special low-altitude search mod, range 370 km230 mi, 3-6 RPM)
* P-35/37 "Bar LockBar Lock B" 1000 kW EF-band target detection and tracking radar (with integrated IFF, range 392 km242 mi, 7 RPM)
* "Side Net" or "Odd Pair" E-band height finding radar (also used by the SA-2, 2K11 Krug and SA-6, range 240 km148 mi, 3-6 RPM)
* P-15M(2) "Squat Eye" 380 kW C-band target detection radar (range 128 km80 mi)

Versions

* S-200A "Angara" (SA-5a), with the V-860/5V21 or V-860P/5V21A missile, introduced in 1967, range 160 km (88 mi), ceiling 20 km (66,000 ft)
* S-200V "Vega" (SA-5b), with the V-860PV/5V21P missile, introduced in 1970, range 250 km (155 mi), ceiling 29 km (95,000 ft)
* S-200 "Vega" (SA-5b), with the V-870 missile, range increased to 300 km (186 mi) and ceiling to 40 km (125,000ft) with the new, shorter missile and solid fuel motor
* S-200M "Vega-M" (SA-5b), with the V-880/5V28 or V-880N/5V28N² missile, range 300 km (186 mi), ceiling 29 km (95,000ft)
* S-200VE "Vega-E" (SA-5b), with the V-880E/5V28E missile, export version, high explosive warhead only, range 250 km (155 mi), ceiling 29 km (95,000ft)
* S-200D "Dubna" (SA-5c), with the 5V25V, V-880M/5V28M or V-880MN/5V28MN² missile, introduced in 1976, high explosive or nuclear warhead, range 400 km (248 mi), ceiling 40 km (125,000ft).

Operators

Current Operators

armenia
*
*
* - has 1 battalion.
* -
* -
* - has about 100 launchers.
* -
*
* - 8 battalions.
*
* - 1 battalion.
* - 4 battalions.
* - 2 squadrons.
* - 2 battalions (8 launchers).
* -
* - retained a number of sites after the breakup of the USSR, only S-200V remain in service.
* -

Former Operators

* - Approximately 4 battalions.
* - 5 battalions, passed on to successor states.
* - Inherited all Czechoslovak S-200 SAM systems, out of service since mid 1990s.
* - 4 battalions.
* - 1 battalion.
* - Continued the phasing out process and finished it by around 2001.
* - Originally deployed with the ZA-PVO in the strategic air defense role. It was phased out starting in the 1980s and passed on to the successor states before the phasing out process could be completed.

Accidents

On 4 October 2001, a Ukrainian S-200 battery may or may not have missed its intended target and accidentally shot down a Tu-154 airliner en route from Tel Aviv, Israel to Novosibirsk, Siberia, killing all 78 people on board("see" Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 accident).

References

External links

* [http://www.missilethreat.com/systems/s-200.html MissileThreat.com]
* [http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-200.htm Federation of American Scientists page]
* [http://venus.ci.uw.edu.pl/~animal/military.pl/syst_p_lotnicze/rakietowe/sa-5_gammon_s-200-angara/ Polish Military]
* [http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/s200.htm Astronautix.com]
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/radar-rus.htm Federation of American Scientists Russian Radars page]
* [http://rammstein.dfmk.hu/~s200/ S-200 battalion locations and satellite photos]
* [http://pvo.guns.ru/dal/dal4.htm SAM system "Dal" (SA-5 Griffon)] at Vestnik PVO website