Janghwa Hongryeon jeon

Infobox Korean name
hangul=장화홍련전
hanja=
rr=Janghwa Hongryeon jeon
mr=Changhwa Hongryŏn chŏn

Janghwa Hongreyon jeon is a Joseon-era Korean folktale.

Story

Introduction

Once upon a time, there was a man named Bae whose wife had a dream where an angel gave her a beautiful flower. Nine months later, she gave birth to a pretty baby girl, who the couple named, "Janghwa" ("Rose Flower"). Two years later, they had another pretty girl, and named her "Hongryeon" ("Red Lotus"). Unfortunately, the mother died when Hongryeon was 5 years old; and soon thereafter, the father remarried to continue his line. The new stepmother was both ugly and cruel. She hated her stepdaughters, but hid those feelings, only to reveal them once she had three sons in a row, which gave her a good deal of power, and she abused the girls in every possible way. But Janghwa and Hongryeon never told their father about any of it.

The Problem

When Janghwa came of age and became engaged, Bae told his second wife to help Janghwa plan a wedding ceremony. Stepmother became angry, not wanting to spend a penny of "her family's money" or "her sons' future fortune" on Janghwa. So she came up with a dirty plan: One night when Janghwa was sleeping, Stepmother had her eldest son put a skinned dead rat in Janghwa's bed. Very early the next morning she brought Father to Janghwa's room, telling him she'd had a bad dream about her elder stepdaughter. When she pulled back the covers on Janghwa's bed, something that looked like a very bloody aborted fetus shocked everybody in the room! Stepmother accused Janghwa of unchaste behavior, having an out-of-wedlock child by an unknown father. The father believed it. Janghwa did not know what to do, so she ran out of the room, out of the house, ran to a small pond in the nearby woods. Stepmother ordered her eldest son to follow Janghwa and push her into the pond. As Janghwa drowned, suddenly there came a huge tiger who attacked Stepmother's eldest son, taking one leg and one arm from him.

Stepmother had got what she wanted, Janghwa's death, but at the cost of her own son's health. She turned her anger upon Hongryeon, hating and abusing this remaining stepdaughter more than ever. Unable to bear this treatment on top of the loss of her beloved sister, Hongryeon soon followed Janghwa; her body was soon found in the same pond in which Janghwa had drowned.

After that, whenever a new mayor came to the village, he was found dead a day after his arrival. As this kept happening, mysterious rumors spread through the village, but no one knew for sure what had happened to the men or for what reason.

Resolution

A brave young man came to the village as a new mayor. He was aware of the deaths of predecessors, but he was not afraid for his own life. When night came, he was sitting in his room when his candle was suddenly blown out and gruesome noises filled the air. The door opened to reveal no one, at first, but then the new mayor saw 2 young female ghosts. He asked them who they were and why they had killed the previous mayors. Weeping, the elder sister explained that all they wanted was to let people know the truth: They had not been suicide cases. The elder girl had not been an unchaste girl who committed suicide in shame. She had been framed by her stepmother and murdered by her eldest half-brother. The mayor asked the ghost of Janghwa for any evidence of this. Janghwa told him to examine the miscarried fetus which Stepmother had shown to the villagers.

Conclusion

The next morning, the new mayor did what the sisters' ghosts had asked him to do. He summoned Father, Stepmother, and the eldest son and examined the fetus which Stepmother insisted had come from Janghwa's body. When he split it with a knife, it was revealed to be a rat. Stepmother and her eldest son were sentenced to death. Father, however, was set free because the mayor thought Father had known nothing of Stepmother's evil plan and in fact was just another victim.

Years later, Father married again. On the night of his third wedding, he saw his two daughters in a dream. They said that since things were as they should be, they wanted to come back to him. Nine months later, Father's third wife delivered twin girls. Father named these twins "Janghwa" and "Hongryeon" and loved them very much. The new family lived happily ever after.

Films

The story has been adapted to film a number of times, and formed the basis of the 2003 Kim Ji-woon film "A Tale of Two Sisters" and an American remake of which is due for release in 2009.

* "Jang-hwa and Hong-ryeon" (1924)
* "Story of Jang-hwa and Hong-ryeon" (1936)
* "Janghwa Heungryeonjeon" (1956)
* "Dae Jang-hwa Hong-ryeon jeon" (1962)
* "Janghwa Hongryeonjeon" (1972)
* "A Tale of Two Sisters" (2003)
* "The Uninvited" (2009)

See also

* Korean mythology

References

* [http://www.seelotus.com/gojeon/gojeon/so-seol/jang-hwa-hong-lyeon-jeon.htm Full text and analogy of "Janghwa Hongreyon jeon"]
* [http://www.encyber.com/search_w/ctdetail.php?masterno=133439&contentno=133439 Brief information about "Janghwa Hongreyon jeon"] at 두산백과사전 EnCyber
* [http://dragon.seowon.ac.kr/~seowonke/zero/zboard.php?id=news&page=5&sn1=&divpage=1&sn=off&ss=on&sc=on&select_arrange=headnum&desc=asc&no=40 Analogy on "Janghwa Hongreyon jeon"] at Seowon University website