United States Senate election in South Carolina, 1954

The 1954 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 2, 1954 to select the next U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina. Senator Burnet R. Maybank did not face a primary challenge in the summer and was therefore renominated as the Democratic Party's nominee for the election in the fall. However, his death on September 1 left the Democratic Party without a nominee and the executive committee decided to nominate state Senator Edgar A. Brown as their candidate for the election. Many South Carolinians were outraged by the party's decision to forgo a primary election and former Governor Strom Thurmond entered the race as a write-in candidate. He easily won the election and to this date has been the only U.S. Senator elected by a write-in vote.

General election campaign

tate Democratic Party executive committee

Sitting Senator Burnet R. Maybank entered the 1954 contest without a challenge in the Democratic primary nor in the general election. His unexpected death on September 1 caused panic and confusion within the hierarchy of the state Democratic party because the state law required that a party's nominee be certified by September 3. Hours after Maybank's funeral, the state Democratic executive committee met in secret and chose state Senator Edgar A. Brown of Barnwell County as the party's nominee for the general election. Not only was Brown a part of the "Barnwell Ring", but he was also a member of the executive committee.

The state Democratic Party's decision to choose a candidate without holding a special primary election drew widespread criticism across the state. On September 3, "The Greenville News" ran an editorial advocating that a primary election be called and several newspapers across the state followed suit. At least six county Democratic committees repudiated the action by the state committee and called for a primary election. Despite repeated calls for a primary, the state executive committee voted against holding a primary because they did not think that there was enough time before the general election to hold a primary election.

Immediately after the executive committee voted against holding a primary election, former Governor Strom Thurmond and lumberman Marcus Stone announced their intention to run as Democratic write-in candidates. Thurmond and his supporters stated that the executive committee had several legal alternatives as opposed to the outright appointment of state Senator Brown. In addition, Thurmond promised that if he were elected he would resign in 1956 so that the voters could choose a candidate in the regular primary for the remaining four years of the term.

Campaigns of the candidates

Thurmond received support from Governor James F. Byrnes and from those who backed his Presidential bid as a Dixiecrat in the 1948 Presidential election. Thurmond framed the race as a "moral issue: democracy versus committee rule" [Lander, Ernest: "A History of South Carolina 1865-1960", page 183. University of South Carolina Press, 1970.] and his write-in campaign was repeatedly assisted by every newspaper in the state, except for those in Anderson. For instance, "The News and Courier" devoted its front page on November 2 to show voters a sample ballot and it also provided detailed instructions on how to cast a write-in vote. Not only that, but the newspaper also printed an editorial on the front page giving precise reasons why voters should vote for Thurmond instead of Brown.

On the other hand, Brown was supported by the Democratic party regulars and he also gained the endorsement of Senator Olin D. Johnston. Brown based his campaign entirely on the issue of party loyalty, stressing that Thurmond was a Republican ally because he had voted for President Eisenhower in 1952.

Marcus A. Stone, a lumberman in Florence and Dillon, was a candidate in previous Democratic primaries for governor and senator. He did very little campaigning for the general election.

General election results

-
bgcolor="#00FFFF"
Independent Democrat
Strom Thurmond (Write-In)
align="right" | 143,444
align="right" | 63.1
align="right" | +63.1
- Election box candidate with party link
party = Democratic Party (United States)
candidate = Edgar A. Brown
votes = 83,525
percentage = 36.8
change = -59.6
-
bgcolor="#00FFFF"
Independent Democrat
Marcus Stone (Write-In)
align="right" | 240
align="right" | 0.1
align="right" | +0.1
-Election box candidate
party = "No party"
candidate = Write-Ins
votes = 23
percentage = 0.0
change = 0.0Election box majority
votes = 59,919
percentage = 26.3
change = -66.5Election box turnout
votes = 227,232
percentage =
change =
-
bgcolor="#00FFFF"
colspan=5 |Independent Democrat gain from Democratic
-

frame|300px|none|1954 South Carolina U.S. Senate election map, by percentile by county.

ee also

*List of United States Senators from South Carolina
*United States Senate elections, 1954
*South Carolina gubernatorial election, 1954

Notes

References

*cite news |title= A New Test For S.C. Voters |work= The News and Courier |date= 2 November 1954 |page= 1A
*cite news |title= Brown Faces Thurmond In Write-In Race |work= The News and Courier |date= 2 November 1954 |page= 1A
*cite book | first = Ernest McPherson | last = Lander, Jr. | title = A History of South Carolina, 1865-1960 | year = 1970 | publisher = University of South Carolina Press | id = ISBN 0872491692 | pages = pp. 182-184
*"Supplemental Report of the Secretary of State to the General Assembly of South Carolina." "Reports and Resolutions of South Carolina to the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina". Volume I. Columbia, SC: 1955, pp. 4-5.

External links

* [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/News_Thurmond.htm U.S. Senate Biography of Strom Thurmond]