Siege of Fort Wayne

Infobox Military Conflict
conflict=Siege of Fort Wayne
partof=the War of 1812


caption=
date=September 5 – September 12, 1812
place=Fort Wayne, Indiana
result=American victory
combatant1=Miami Potawatomi
combatant2=United States
commander1=Chief Winamac
commander2=James Rhea, Philip Ostander, William Henry Harrison
strength1=500 warriors
strength2=100 (garrison) 2,200 (relief force)
casualties1=?
casualties2=?

The Siege of Fort Wayne took place during the War of 1812, between United States and American Indian forces in the wake of the successful British campaigns of 1812.

Background

Since 1811, after the severe defeat at the Battle of Tippecanoe, Native American tribes on the Northwest frontier had been growing bitter at the U.S. presence there. Encouraged by other British/Native American victories at places such as Fort Dearborn and Detroit, native tribes began to undertake campaigns against other smaller American outposts.

In September 1812, Indians from the Potawatomi and Miami tribes, led by Chief Winamac, undertook a campaign against Fort Wayne in northeast Indiana Territory. Captain James Rhea commanded the garrison at Fort Wayne. Rhea began to worry about his position once Fort Dearborn and Detroit fell. The growing Indian threat outside the fort led Rhea to begin drinking heavily. On several occasions Rhea invited Indian delegates into the fort to discuss terms of peace with the Indians (mostly to ensure his own personal safety). [Edmunds, R.D. (1988). "The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire", pp. 189-90. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 080612069X.]

iege

On September 5, the siege began when Chief Winamac assaulted the fort from the east side and burned the homes of the surrounding village. The Indians constructed two wooden cannons and were able to trick the garrison into thinking they had artillery besieging the fort as well. When Rhea began to discuss ideas of surrender, two of his lieutenants decided he was unfit to continue his duties and relieved him of command. These two lieutenants then assumed command and continued to hold out in the fort until reinforcements arrived. General William Henry Harrison, the newly appointed commander of the Northwest frontier, led a relief force of 2,200 soldiers to Fort Wayne, arriving on September 12. Harrison attacked and defeated the Indian force, lifting the siege. The Potawatami/Miami force retreated into Ohio and Michigan Territory. Harrison had originally arrested Rhea but allowed him to resign instead. He then placed Lieutenant Philip Ostander (one of the two lieutenants who had relieved Rhea) in command of the fort.

Results

The siege of Fort Wayne prompted Harrison to order punitive expeditions against the Miami which culminated in the Battle of the Mississinewa. The defeats at the Battle of Fort Harrison and at Fort Wayne caused the Miami warriors to lose confidence in their chiefs. Many of them turned instead to the influential leadership of Tecumseh and joined his confederacy. No further Indian attacks occurred in the Indiana Territory for the rest of the war, but it was not until Tecumseh's defeat at the Battle of the Thames that the Indian threat was really eliminated.

ee also

* Forts of Fort Wayne, Indiana
* Fort Wayne, Indiana
* List of battles fought in Indiana

References

External links

* [http://www.countyhistory.com/history/099.htm Indiana history]