Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami

Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami (died 1106) was a Damascene jurist and philologist who was the first to preach "jihad" against the crusaders in the aftermath of the First Crusade.

In 1105 al-Sulami published his treatise, "Kitab al-Jihad" ("Book of the Holy War"), and preached his ideas from the Great Mosque in Damascus. He recognized the danger from the Christian invaders and saw their connection to the ongoing Christian reconquests of Sicily and Spain. He believed that Muslims had abandoned "jihad" and other religious duties, and argued that the caliphs were supposed to make war on the infidels once a year, something they had not done for many years. God, he claimed, was now punishing Muslims for their sins. In order to defeat the crusaders, al-Sulami argued that Muslims must practise the inner "jihad" so that they could successfully undertake the "jihad" against the enemy. His message was mostly ignored, as Muslim rulers would not merge the concept of "jihad" with military expeditions until later in the 12th century under Nur ad-Din and Saladin.

Only two manuscripts of the "Kitab" survive, both incomplete, and both in Damascus.

External links

* [http://www.arts.cornell.edu/prh3/447/texts/Sulami.html Extracts from the "Kitab al-Jihad"]