William Ward Duffield

William Ward Duffield (November 19, 1823 – June 22, 1907) was an executive in the coal industry, a railroad construction engineer, and an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. After the war he was appointed Superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Early life

Duffield was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the son of Isabella Graham (Bethune), and the Reverend George Duffield, a prominent minister in the Presbyterian Church. Although he would call Michigan home after 1836, throughout his life William worked and traveled widely. He graduated in 1842 from Columbia College, New York, as a civil engineer, and two years later received a Master of Arts. He later studied law and was admitted to the Detroit bar. At the onset of the Mexican-American War he entered the U.S. Army as adjutant of the 2nd Tennessee Infantry. Later during the war he served on the staff of General Gideon J. Pillow. He went to California as an Army paymaster after the war and qualified as a founding member in the Society of California Pioneers. During this service he became well enough versed in the military sciences to author two books on the subject. After leaving the Army he worked as engineer and superintendent of railroads in New York; surveyed the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad from Pontiac to Grand Haven, from Detroit to Port Huron, and from Mendota to Galesburg, Illinois.

Civil War

When the Civil War erupted, Duffield joined the 4th Michigan Infantry as its lieutenant colonel, and participated with the regiment in the First Battle of Bull Run. In September 1861 he resigned from the 4th and accepted a commission as colonel of the 9th Michigan Infantry.

On 9 January 1862, he was ordered to Bardstown, Kentucky, to head an officer examining board. From March 8 to May 14, 1862, he commanded the 23rd Brigade of the Army of the Ohio. On April 11, 1862, he was appointed acting brigadier general, but his appointment was not confirmed by the United States Senate; it was tabled on July 16, 1862. [Eicher, p. 595.] On 9 May 1862, he was appointed acting military governor of Kentucky. On July 12, 1863, Duffield arrived in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, in command of the 9th Michigan. The following day the Union garrison, under the overall command of Brig. Gen. Thomas T. Crittenden, was attacked and defeated by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest in the First Battle of Murfreesboro. Col. Duffield was twice wounded during the attack and captured; he was exchanged on August 27, 1862.

Postbellum career

Duffield resigned from the Army on 6 February 1863, and returned to Michigan. After the war he had charge of coal mines in Pennsylvania and iron mines in Kentucky, and was chief engineer of the Kentucky Union Railroad. In 1879-1880 he served as a Michigan State Senator. He was appointed by President Grover Cleveland as Superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1894-1898. He spent his last years in Washington, D.C., where he died. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

References

Primary sources

*Burton Historical Collection. Detroit Public Library, Detroit, Michigan. Duffield Family Papers.
*Detroit, Michigan "Advertiser & Tribune", 1861-1865
*Detroit, Michigan "Free Press", 1861-1865.
*Oakland Historical House Museum, Murfreesboro, TN. Duffield Letters.

Books

*"American Biographical History of Eminent Self-Made Men, Michigan Edition" Cincinnati, OH: Western Biographical Publishing Company. (1878)
*Bennett, Charles "Historical Sketches of the Ninth Michigan Infantry " Coldwater, MI: Daily Courier. (1913)
*Bingham, Steven D. "Early History of Michigan with Biographies of State Officers, Members of Congress, Judges and Legislators" Lansing: Thorp and Godrey, State Printers (1888).
* Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., "Civil War High Commands", Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
*"Michigan Biographies: Including Members of Congress, Elective State Officers, Justices of the Supreme Court, Members of the Michigan Legislature, Board of Regents of the University of Michigan, State Board of Agriculture and State Board of Education" 2 vols. Lansing, MI: Michigan Historical Commission (1924).
*Wyeth, John Allan. "That Devil Forrest: the Life of General Nathan Bedford Forrest" 1899. Reprint. NY: Harpers, 1959.

Journal articles

*King, William H. "Forrest's Attack on Murfreesboro, July 13, 1862." "Confederate Veteran" 32 (November 1924): 430-431.

Notes

External links

*Find A Grave|id=17835003 Retrieved on 2008-02-11