- John Bartholomew Gough
John Bartholomew Gough (
August 22 ,1817 -February 18 ,1886 ), American temperance orator, was born atSandgate, Kent ,England .He was educated by his mother, a schoolmistress, and at the age of twelve was sent to the United States to seek his fortune. He lived for two years with family friends on a farm in western
New York , and then entered a book-bindery inNew York City to learn the trade. There in 1833 his mother joined him, but after her death in 1835 he fell in with dissolute companions, and became a confirmed drunkard.He lost his position, and for several years supported himself as a ballad singer and story-teller in the cheap theatres and concert-halls of New York and other eastern cities. Even this means of livelihood was being closed to him, when in
Worcester, Massachusetts , in 1842 he was induced to sign a temperance pledge. After several lapses and a terrific struggle, he determined to devote his life to lecturing in behalf of temperance reform.Gifted with remarkable powers of
pathos and of description, he was successful from the start, and was soon known and sought after throughout the entire country, his appeals, which were directly personal and emotional, being attended with extraordinary responses. He continued his work until the end of his life, made several tours of England, where his American success was repeated, and died at his work, being stricken withapoplexy on the lecture platform atFrankford, Pennsylvania , where he died two days later.He published an "Autobiography" (1846); "Orations" (1854); "Temperance Addresses" (1870); "Temperance Lectures" (1879); and "Sunlight and Shadow, or Gleanings from My Life Work" (1880). One of his stories ("The Pilot"), based upon an anonymously published story "The Helmsman of Lake Erie", caused
Horatio Alger to write the ballad "John Maynard". Gough or Alger, perhaps both, were the source forTheodor Fontane 's ballad "John Maynard" which remains to this day popular in German speaking countries.----
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