Metrosideros carminea

Metrosideros carminea
Metrosideros carminea produces carmine-red flowers in spring
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Myrtaceae
Genus:	Metrosideros
Species:	M. carminea
Binomial name
Metrosideros carminea W.R.B.Oliv.
Synonyms
Metrosideros diffusa ( Hook.f.)

Metrosideros carminea (Carmine rātā or Crimson rātā) is a forest liane or vine endemic to New Zealand. It occurs in coastal and lowland forest from Te Paki in the north of the North Island south to Mahia Peninsula and Taranaki. It is one of a number of New Zealand Metrosideros species which live out their lives as vines, unlike the northern rata ( M.robusta), which generally begins as a hemi-epiphyte and grows into a huge tree.

Description

Leaves and stems of a young specimen of M. carminea

Metrosideros carminea prefers warm moist habitats and grows up to 15 m. long or more, with the main stem several centimetres in diameter. The small, glossy, pointed leaves are thick, and often widest in the middle. The small rounded and shiny deep-green leaves have are borne on reddish new stems. Carmine rātā flowers from late winter to mid-spring, and has vibrant displays of bright red flowers in groups at the ends of the stems. The seed capsules ripen between late spring and early autumn. It climbs in the same way as ivy, sending out short adventitious roots to adhere to the trunks of host trees, penetrating and clinging to rough surfaces. The climbing shoots of juvenile plants grow rapidly and quickly extend the length of the plant. The short clinging roots usually die after about a year, so that when the vine is mature, the thick, twisted, rope-like stems hang free from the host like thick ropes.

Cultivation

This species of climbing rātā is often cultivated for its bright flowers that appear in the early spring. It is generally available from most retail nurseries in New Zealand, although most plants sold are from adult cuttings which grow into shrubs rather than climbers. Carmine Rata prefers a moist semi-shady position, sheltered from frost. There are several cultivars of M. carminea. Metrosideros ‘Red Carpet’ flowers freely in October (late spring in New Zealand). Another cultivar, Metrosideros ' Carousel' is an attractive dwarf shrub useful as a groundcover, having glossy lime-green leaves with broad gold margins and small carmine-red flowers in spring. It grows to 80cm. Metrosideros 'Ferris Wheel' has glossy deep green leaves. It bears bright carmine red flowers with golden stamens through spring. It grows to 90cm.

See also

• Scarlet rātā

External links

• Project Crimson

References

• Dawson, D., and R. Lucas, 2000. Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest. Auckland: Random House.
• Simpson, P., 2005. Pōhutukawa & Rātā: New Zealand's Iron-Hearted Trees. Wellington: Te Papa Press.
• "Metrosideros carminea". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=980. Retrieved 2010-10-02. 
• "Metrosideros carminea". Flora of New Zealand. http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/Taxon.aspx?id=_518684a1-1c36-4869-9cef-8a23ac9b5d9c&fileName=Flora%201.xml. Retrieved 2007-06-11. 
• "Climbing Rata". Mary Robertson. http://www.maryrobertson.co.nz/climbing-rata.html. Retrieved 2007-06-11.