Crime in Chicago

Chicago
Crime rates (2007)
Crime type	Rate*
Homicide:	15.6
Forcible rape:	N/A
Robbery:	555.6
Aggravated assault:	624.4
Violent crime:	N/A
Burglary:	881
Larceny-theft:	2,901.5
Motor vehicle theft:	782.9
Arson:	23.7
Property crime:	4,565.4
Notes * Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. Chicago does not report statistics for rape. Homicides 1990-2010 1990: 851 1991: 927 1992: 943 1993: 931 1994: 929 1995: 827 1996: 789 1997: 759 1998: 704 1999: 641 2000: 628 2001: 666 2002: 647 2003: 598 2004: 448 2005: 449 2006: 467 2007: 442 2008: 510 2009: 458 2010: 435
Source: FBI 2005 UCR data

Crime in Chicago has been tracked by the Chicago Police Department's Bureau of Records since the beginning of the 20th century.

• From January 1 through April 30.

Overview

Besides its gangland problems, Chicago saw a major rise in violent crime starting in the late 1960s.^[1] Murders in the city peaked first in 1974, with 970 murders when the city's population was over three million, resulting in a murder rate of around 29 per 100,000, and again in 1992, with 943 murders when the city had fewer than three million people, resulting in a murder rate of 34 per 100,000.

Following 1992, the murder count slowly decreased to 641 in 1999. In 2002, Chicago had fewer number of murders but a significantly higher murder rate than New York or Los Angeles.^[2]

Violent crime

Violent crime rates by neighborhood

In 1916, 198 homicides were recorded in Chicago, for a city of slightly over 2 million. This level of crime was not exceptional when compared to other American cities such as New York City, but it was much higher relative to European cities, such as London. Although three times the size, London recorded only 45 homicides in the same year. Specialists have developed numerous theories for the higher rates of violence in the US.^[3]

Chicago police officers in Marquette Park.

Like other major industrial cities in the US, Chicago had a major rise in violent crime starting in the late 1960s. Like most major American cities, Chicago has also experienced a decline in overall crime since the early 1990s.^[4] Murders in the city peaked first in 1974, with 970 murders when the city's population was over three million (resulting in a murder rate of around 29 per 100,000), and again in 1992, with 943 murders when the city had fewer than three million people, resulting in a murder rate of 34 per 100,000. Following 1992, the murder count slowly decreased to 641 by 1999. That year it still had the most murders of any big city in the U.S.^[5]

After adopting crime-fighting techniques in 2004 recommended by the Los Angeles and New York City Police Departments,^[6] Chicago recorded 448 homicides, the lowest total since 1965. This murder rate of 15.65 per 100,000 population is still above the U.S. average, an average which takes in many small towns and suburbs. This homicide rate is similar to that of Los Angeles in 2004 (13.4 per 100,000), and twice that of New York City (7.0 per 100,000). Chicago's homicide tally increased slightly in 2005 and 2006 to 450 and 467, respectively, though the overall crime rate in 2006 continued the downward trend that has taken place since the early 1990s, with 2.5% fewer violent crimes and 2.4% fewer property crimes compared to 2005.^[7]

According to the 2005 Homicide Report of the Chicago Police Department, the murder clearance rate (in terms of an arrest being made within two years of the homicide) has dropped from over 70% for 1991 to under 60% for 2003. Summer months have significantly higher murder rates, and over 70% of murders take place between 7PM and 5AM. The percentage of murder offenders between 14 and 16 years of age has declined from a 1994 high of approximately 15% to approximately 6% in 2005.

In 2005, 75% of murders involved a firearm, and 11% were the result of a stabbing. 41% of domestic murders were stabbings. 10% of murders in 2005 (39) were the result of an armed robbery, 9% were of undetermined cause, and at least 30% were gang altercations. Over 40% of victims and 60% of offenders were between the ages of 17 and 25. 85% of victims and 93% of offenders were male. 76% of victims were African American (77.4% of offenders were), 18.3% were Hispanic (17.3% of offenders), and 5.6% were white (5.3% of offenders). The African American murder victimization rate was approximately 34 per 100,000; the Hispanic rate was 11 per 100,000, and the white rate 3 per 100,000. Over 75% of victims and 88% of offenders had a prior arrest history. 11% of armed robbery victims were female, 50% of domestic victims were female, and 7% of gang-related victims were female. 31% of armed robbery victims were over 45 years old. 29% of domestic-related murders were committed by women. From 1991 to 2005, 19.2% of armed robbery murder victims were white, and only 4.3% of armed robbery murder offenders were white.

(2005) Victims of gang-related murders: 70% African American, 26% Hispanic, 3% white; 93% male. Offenders in gang-related murders: 76% African American, 20% Hispanic, 3% white; 99% male. Victims of domestic-related murders: 79% African American, 10% Hispanic, 11% white. Victims of armed robbery—related murders: 68% African American, 13% Hispanic, 19% white, 89% male. Offenders in armed robbery—related murders: 87% African American, 9% Hispanic, 4% white; 93% male.

Police department response

A Chicago police officer on a Segway

Chicago was among one of the first U.S. cities to build an integrated emergency response center to coordinate the city's response to natural disasters, gang violence, and terrorist attacks. Built in 1995, the center is integrated with more than 2000 cameras, communications with all levels of city government, and a direct link to the National Counterterrorism Center. Police credited surveillance cameras with contributing to decreased crime in 2004.^[8]

Recently installed anti-crime cameras are capable of pinpointing gunshot sounds, calculating where the shots were fired, and pointing and zooming the cameras in the direction of the shots within a two-block radius.^[8] Since surveillance cameras have been placed in high-crime areas, some Chicagoans feel uneasy about being so closely watched, but others believe their streets are safer.^[who?] The cameras have prompted some calls of discrimination since they have been placed in areas of gang activity and high gun violence that also are chiefly occupied by blacks and Latinos.^{[citation needed]}

Mayor Richard M. Daley is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,^[9] an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.

Because the Chicago Police Department tallies data differently than police in other cities, the FBI often does not accept its crime statistics. Chicago police officers record all criminal sexual assaults, as opposed to only rape. They count aggravated battery together with the standard category of aggravated assault. As a result, Chicago is often omitted from studies such as Morgan Quitno's annual "Safest/Most Dangerous City" survey, which relies on FBI-collected data.^[10]

The Chicago Police Department developed to provide city residents with a tool to assist in problem-solving and combating crime and disorder in their neighborhoods. It is based upon the CLEAR (Citizen Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting) system developed by the Department for use by its police officers. This web application enables citizens to search the Chicago Police Department's database of reported crime. Individuals will be able to see maps, graphs, and tables of reported crime. The database contains 90 days of information, which can be accessed in blocks of up to 14 days. Data is refreshed daily. However, the most recent information is always 7 days old.

See also

• Organized crime in Chicago

References

1. ^ http://egov.cityofchicago.org/webportal/COCWebPortal/COC_EDITORIAL/04AR.pdf 1.06 MiB
2. ^ name="Chicago falls out of 1st in murders">Heinzmann, David (1/1/2003). Chicago falls out of 1st in murders. Chicago Tribune, found at qrc.depaul.edu/djabon/Articles/ChicagoCrime20030101.htm.
3. ^ Fosdick, Raymond (1920). American Police Systems. The Century Co.. pp. 13. 
4. ^ CPD 2004 Annual Report. [1]PDF (1.06 MiB)
5. ^ Heinzmann, David (1/1/2003). Chicago falls out of 1st in murders. Chicago Tribune, found at qrc.depaul.edu/djabon/Articles/ChicagoCrime20030101.htm.
6. ^ David Heinzmann and Rex W. Huppke (12/19/2004).City murder toll lowest in decades Chicago Tribune.
7. ^ Chicago Police Department News Release, January 19, 2007 [2]PDF (494 KiB)
8. ^ ^{a b} McKay , Jim (12/8/2005). Triggered Response. Government Technology at www.govtech.net/magazine/story.php?id=97507&issue=12:2005.
9. ^ "Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members". http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml.  Retrieved on June 12, 2007
10. ^ Locy, Toni (6/7/2005). Murder, violence rates fall, FBI says. USA Today.

Further reading

• Lesy, Michael (2007). Murder City: The Bloody History of Chicago in the Twenties. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0393060306. 

External links

• Online Crime Map of Chicago- Online Crime Map of Chicago from SpotCrime.com, the Largest Collection of Online Crime Maps on the Internet
• Chicago Police Department
• CPD crime map generator
• ChicagoCrime.org
• Chicago homicide map generator