Quasi-criminal

Quasi-criminal

Quasi-criminal means a lawsuit or equity proceeding that has some, but not all, of the qualities of a criminal prosecution. It may appear in either a Common law or a Civil law jurisdiction. It refers to "a court's right to punish for actions or omissions as if they were criminal." [http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/quasi-criminal The Free Dictionary] . Accessed June 30, 2008.]

The origins of the phrase comes from the Latin language word, "quasi", meaning somewhat, sort-of, alike or akin, to criminal law, as in Quasi-contract. [See also Quasimodo.] "Quasi" is used "to indicate that one subject resembles another, with which it is compared, in certain characteristics, but there are intrinsic and material differences between them." [N.Y. Jur. 2d, Words and Phrases, "Quasi".]

During a civil or equity trial, a court may act as if it were a criminal case to punish a person for contempt of court. [ [http://www.legalexplanations.com legalexplanations.com ] ] In some cases, a court may impose asset forfeiture or another penalty. [Ballentine's Law Dictionary, p. 450] For example, a court has the right to punish actions or omissions of a party in a child support case as if they were a criminal, penalizing the parent with a sentence of jail time. [ [http://dictionary.com/default2.asp?selected=1689&bold=%7C%7C%7C%7C Law Dictionary] ]

Elements

"Quasi-criminal proceedings" include a wide variety of matters, including prosecution for a Violation of law or Ordinance, Psychiatric matters, Motor vehicle law, Status offenses, Family court actions, and Equity proceedings such as a Writ. What these various legal matters have in common are these factors:
# They may be instituted by a Government agent on behalf of a private citizen, or
# They may be instituted by a private citizen on behalf of the Government, "Ex rel".
# They implicate Fundamental rights or Constitutional rights, subjecting the Law involved to Strict scrutiny by the Judiciary. [http://www.njlaws.com/quasicriminalrights.htm Quasi criminal rights of persons charged with Motor vehicle offenses including DWI and Driving While Suspended ] , citing "State v. Cooper", 129 N.J. Super. 229, 231 (App. Div.), certif. denied, 66 N.J. 329 (1974); "State v. Selzer", 57 N.J. Super. 327, 330 (Law Div. 1959); "State v. Rowe", 116 N.J.L. 48, 51 (1935); "Vickey v. Nessler", 230 N.J. Super. 141, 149 (1989); amongst other cases.]
# Because of that, they may be subject to the Miranda warning enunciated under the Legal doctrine in "Miranda v. Arizona" or foreign counterparts.
#They are subject to requirements for Bail, if any. [ [http://law.justia.com/illinois/codes/chapter54/1987.html Illinois law] ]

Types of Quasi-criminal proceedings

"Quasi-criminal" actions include:
# A Violation of law, offense, or Ordinance, especially a Motor vehicle law, Parking ticket, or Traffic ticket. [N.Y. Penal law, § 10.00, which uses the termm "offense", found at [http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/menugetf.cgi?COMMONQUERY=LAWS] , go to "PEN", article 10.] [http://www.cookcountycourt.org/rules/rules/rulespart11.html Rules of the Cook County Circult Court, Illnois Website] . Accessed June 30, 2008.] [Montaldo, Charles [http://crime.about.com/od/g_criminal/g/quscrmnlct.htm Quasi-criminal on the About.com Website] . Accessed June 30, 2008.] David L. Ratley, Judicial Council of Georgia, Administrative Office of the Courts, Memorandum, Zoning & Traffic Fine Questions as applied to POABF, December 18, 2003, found at [http://research.georgiacourts.org/OpinionDocs/Bray17thPOABF.fin.doc.doc Georgia Courts Memo on Application of Quasi-criminal] . Accessed June 30, 2008.]
# Psychiatric matters, such as Civil confinement, Mental hygiene commitments, and similar proceedings. [New York Mental Hygiene law, article 81.]
# Regulatory offenses, such as Health department violations, hunting or fishing without a license, and Driving While Intoxicated or Ability Impaired (D.W.I. or D.W.A.I.) when such is not a Misdemeanor.
# Family court actions, including "PINS" (Person in need of supervision) or Truancy, Juvenile delinquency, Child support, Paternity or Filiation, Child custody, and Child visitation ("Parenting time"). It may also include, in some states, a Divorce action or family offense petition.
# Equity proceedings such as a Writ, Qui tam, Contempt of court, Bankruptcy, fraud, and the like.
# Zoning laws.
# Internment.
# Detention.

References

ee also

*Administrative law
*Asset forfeiture
*Car accident
*Court system of Canada
*Criminal law in Canada
*Detainee
*Equity (law)
*Hunting license
*Infraction
*Legal aid
*Prostitution in the People's Republic of China
*Quasi-contract
*Slander and libel
*Status offense
*Strict liability (criminal)
*Summary jurisdiction
*Traffic ticket
*Trespass to Property Act of Ontario

External sources

# Dennis P. Stolle & Mark D. Stuann, "Defending Depositions in High-stakes Civil and Quasi-criminal Litigation", West. Crim. Rev. 4(2), at pp. 134-142 (2003), found at: [http://wcr.sonoma.edu/v4n2/manuscripts/stollestuaan.pdf]


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