List of mammals in Japan

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Japan. There are 153 mammal species in Japan, of which 3 are critically endangered, 22 are endangered, 13 are vulnerable, and 2 are near-threatened. 1 of the species listed for Japan is considered to be extinct. [This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institute, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:

ubclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

----Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

*Family: Dugongidae
***Genus: Dugong
**** Dugong "Dugong dugon" VU

Order: Primates

----The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. It is divided informally into three main groupings: prosimians, monkeys of the New World, and monkeys and apes of the Old World.

*Suborder: Haplorrhini
**Infraorder: Simiiformes
***Parvorder: Catarrhini
****Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
*****Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
*******Genus: Macaca
******** Japanese Macaque "Macaca fuscata" DD

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

----Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

*Suborder: Sciurognathi
**Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
***Subfamily: Sciurinae
****Tribe: Sciurini
*****Genus: Sciurus
****** Japanese Squirrel "Sciurus lis" LR/lc
****** Red Squirrel "Sciurus vulgaris" NT
****Tribe: Pteromyini
*****Genus: Petaurista
****** Japanese giant flying squirrel "Petaurista leucogenys" LR/lc
*****Genus: Pteromys
****** Japanese dwarf flying squirrel "Pteromys momonga" LR/lc
****** Siberian Flying Squirrel "Pteromys volans" LR/nt
***Subfamily: Xerinae
****Tribe: Marmotini
*****Genus: Tamias
****** Siberian Chipmunk "Tamias sibiricus" LR/lc
**Family: Gliridae (dormice)
***Subfamily: Glirinae
****Genus: Glirulus
***** Japanese Dormouse "Glirulus japonicus" EN
**Family: Cricetidae
***Subfamily: Arvicolinae
****Genus: Clethrionomys
***** Hokkaido Red-backed Vole "Clethrionomys rex" LR/nt
***** Grey Red-Backed Vole "Clethrionomys rufocanus" LR/lc
***** Northern Red-backed Vole "Clethrionomys rutilus" LR/lc
***** Shikotan Vole "Clethrionomys sikotanensis" LR/nt
****Genus: Microtus
***** Japanese Grass Vole "Microtus montebelli" LR/lc
****Genus: Phaulomys
***** Wakayama Red-backed Vole "Phaulomys andersoni" VU
***** Smith's Vole "Phaulomys smithii" LR/lc
**Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
***Subfamily: Murinae
****Genus: Apodemus
***** Small Japanese Field Mouse "Apodemus argenteus" LR/lc
***** Korean field mouse "Apodemus peninsulae" LR/lc
***** Large Japanese Field Mouse "Apodemus speciosus" LR/lc
****Genus: Diplothrix
***** Ryukyu Rat "Diplothrix legatus" EN
****Genus: Micromys
***** Harvest Mouse "Micromys minutus" LR/nt
****Genus: Mus
***** Ryukyu Mouse "Mus caroli" LR/lc
****Genus: Rattus
***** Tanezumi Rat "Rattus tanezumi" LR/lc
****Genus: Tokudaia
***** Muennink's Spiny Rat "Tokudaia muenninki" CR
***** Ryukyu Spiny Rat "Tokudaia osimensis" EN

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

----The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

*Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
**Genus: Ochotona
*** Northern Pika "Ochotona hyperborea" LR/lc
*Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
**Genus: Pentalagus
*** Amami Rabbit "Pentalagus furnessi" EN
**Genus: Lepus
*** Japanese Hare "Lepus brachyurus" LR/lc
*** Mountain Hare "Lepus timidus" LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and soledons)

----The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mmmals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.

*Family: Soricidae (shrews)
**Subfamily: Crocidurinae
***Genus: Crocidura
**** Dsinezumi Shrew "Crocidura dsinezumi" LR/lc
**** Horsefield's Shrew "Crocidura horsfieldii" LR/lc
**** Amami Shrew "Crocidura orii" EN
**** Lesser White-toothed Shrew "Crocidura suaveolens" LR/lc
***Genus: Suncus
**** Asian House Shrew "Suncus murinus" LR/lc
**Subfamily: Soricinae
***Tribe: Nectogalini
****Genus: Chimarrogale
***** Himalayan Water Shrew "Chimarrogale himalayica" LR/lc
***** Flat-headed Water Shrew "Chimarrogale platycephala" LR/lc
***Tribe: Soricini
****Genus: Sorex
***** Slender Shrew "Sorex gracillimus" LR/lc
***** Azumi Shrew "Sorex hosonoi" VU
***** Eurasian Least Shrew "Sorex minutissimus" LR/lc
***** Sado Shrew "Sorex sadonis" EN
***** Shinto Shrew "Sorex shinto" LR/lc
***** Long-clawed Shrew "Sorex unguiculatus" LR/lc
*Family: Talpidae (moles)
**Subfamily: Talpinae
***Genus: Nesoscaptor
**** Ryukyu Mole "Nesoscaptor uchidai" EN
***Tribe: Talpini
****Genus: Euroscaptor
***** Japanese Mountain Mole "Euroscaptor mizura" VU
****Genus: Mogera
***** Echigo Mole "Mogera etigo" EN
***** Kobe Mole "Mogera kobeae" LR/lc
***** Small Japanese Mole "Mogera minor" LR/lc
***** Tokuda's Mole "Mogera tokudae" EN
***** Japanese Mole "Mogera wogura" LR/lc
***Tribe: Urotrichini
****Genus: Urotrichus
***** True's Shrew Mole "Urotrichus pilirostris" LR/lc
***** Japanese Shrew Mole "Urotrichus talpoides" LR/lc

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

----The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

*Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
**Subfamily: Pteropodinae
***Genus: Pteropus
**** Ryukyu Flying-fox "Pteropus dasymallus" EN
**** Okinawa Flying-fox "Pteropus loochoensis" DD
**** Mariana Fruit Bat "Pteropus mariannus" EN
**** Bonin Flying Fox "Pteropus pselaphon" CR
*Family: Vespertilionidae
**Subfamily: Myotinae
***Genus: Myotis
**** Far Eastern Myotis "Myotis bombinus" LR/nt
**** Daubenton's bat "Myotis daubentonii" LR/lc
**** Hodgson's Bat "Myotis formosus" LR/lc
**** Fraternal Myotis "Myotis frater" LR/nt
**** Hosono's Myotis "Myotis hosonoi" VU
**** Ikonnikov's Bat "Myotis ikonnikovi" LR/lc
**** Big-Footed Myotis "Myotis macrodactylus" LR/lc
**** Whiskered bat "Myotis mystacinus" LR/lc
**** Natterer's bat "Myotis nattereri" LR/lc
**** Honshu Myotis "Myotis ozensis" EN
**** Frosted Myotis "Myotis pruinosus" EN
**** "Myotis yanbarensis" DD
**** Yoshiyuki's Myotis "Myotis yesoensis" VU
**Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
***Genus: Eptesicus
**** Northern Bat "Eptesicus nilssoni" LR/lc
***Genus: Hypsugo
**** Savi's Pipistrelle "Hypsugo savii" LR/lc
***Genus: Nyctalus
**** Birdlike Noctule "Nyctalus aviator" LR/nt
**** Common Noctule "Nyctalus noctula" LR/lc
***Genus: Pipistrellus
**** Endo's Pipistrelle "Pipistrellus endoi" EN
**** Bonin Pipistrelle "Pipistrellus sturdeei" DD
***Genus: Plecotus
**** Brown long-eared bat "Plecotus auritus" LR/lc
***Genus: Vespertilio
**** Asian Parti-colored Bat "Vespertilio superans" LR/lc
**Subfamily: Murininae
***Genus: Murina
**** Greater Tube-Nosed Bat "Murina leucogaster" LR/lc
**** "Murina ryukyuana" DD
**** Forest Tube-nosed Bat "Murina silvatica" LR/nt
**** Gloomy Tube-nosed Bat "Murina tenebrosa" CR
**Subfamily: Miniopterinae
***Genus: Miniopterus
**** Southeast Asian Long-fingered Bat "Miniopterus fuscus" VU
**** Schreiber's Long-fingered Bat "Miniopterus schreibersii" LC
*Family: Molossidae
**Genus: Tadarida
*** La Touche's Free-tailed Bat "Tadarida latouchei" DD
*** European Free-tailed Bat "Tadarida teniotis" LR/lc
*Family: Rhinolophidae
**Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
***Genus: Rhinolophus
**** Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat "Rhinolophus cornutus" LR/nt
**** Greater Horseshoe Bat "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum" LR/nt
**** Imaizumi's Horseshoe Bat "Rhinolophus imaizumii" EN
**Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
***Genus: Hipposideros
**** Lesser Great Leaf-nosed Bat "Hipposideros turpis" EN

Order: Cetacea (whales)

----

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

*Suborder: Mysticeti
**Family: Balaenidae
***Genus: Balaena
**** Bowhead whale "Balaena mysticetus" LR/cd
***Genus: Eubalaena
**** North Pacific Right Whale "Eubalaena japonica" EN
**Family: Balaenopteridae
***Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
****Genus: Balaenoptera
***** Minke Whale "Balaenoptera acutorostrata" LR/nt
***** Sei Whale "Balaenoptera borealis" EN
***** Bryde's Whale "Balaenoptera edeni" DD
***** Blue Whale "Balaenoptera musculus" EN
***** Fin Whale "Balaenoptera physalus" EN
***Subfamily: Megapterinae
****Genus: Megaptera
***** Humpback Whale "Megaptera novaeangliae" VU
**Family: Eschrichtiidae
***Genus: Eschrichtius
**** Gray Whale "Eschrichtius robustus" LR/cd
*Suborder: Odontoceti
**Superfamily: Platanistoidea
***Family: Monodontidae
****Genus: Delphinapterus
***** Beluga "Delphinapterus leucas" VU
***Family: Phocoenidae
****Genus: Neophocaena
***** Finless Porpoise "Neophocaena phocaenoides" DD
****Genus: Phocoena
***** Harbour Porpoise "Phocoena phocoena" VU
****Genus: Phocoenoides
***** Dall's Porpoise "Phocoenoides dalli" LR/cd
***Family: Physeteridae
****Genus: Physeter
***** Sperm Whale "Physeter macrocephalus" VU
***Family: Kogiidae
****Genus: Kogia
***** Pygmy Sperm Whale "Kogia breviceps" LR/lc
***** Dwarf Sperm Whale "Kogia sima" LR/lc
***Family: Ziphidae
****Genus: Ziphius
***** Cuvier's Beaked Whale "Ziphius cavirostris" DD
****Genus: Berardius
***** Giant beaked whale "Berardius bairdii" LR/cd
****Subfamily: Hyperoodontidae
*****Genus: Mesoplodon
****** Hubbs' Beaked Whale "Mesoplodon carlhubbsi" DD
****** Blainville's Beaked Whale "Mesoplodon densirostris" DD
****** Ginkgo-toothed Beaked Whale "Mesoplodon ginkgodens" DD
****** Stejneger's Beaked Whale "Mesoplodon stejnegeri" DD
***Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
****Genus: Steno
***** Rough-toothed Dolphin "Steno bredanensis" DD
****Genus: Tursiops
***** Bottlenose Dolphin "Tursiops truncatus" DD
****Genus: Stenella
***** Pantropical Spotted Dolphin "Stenella attenuata" LR/cd
***** Striped Dolphin "Stenella coeruleoalba" LR/cd
***** Spinner Dolphin "Stenella longirostris" LR/cd
****Genus: Delphinus
***** Common dolphin "Delphinus capensis" LR/lc
***** Common dolphin "Delphinus delphis" LR/lc
****Genus: Lagenodelphis
***** Fraser's Dolphin "Lagenodelphis hosei" DD
****Genus: Lagenorhynchus
***** Pacific White-sided Dolphin "Lagenorhynchus obliquidens" LR/lc
****Genus: Lissodelphis
***** Northern Right Whale Dolphin "Lissodelphis borealis" LR/lc
****Genus: Grampus
***** Risso's Dolphin "Grampus griseus" DD
****Genus: Peponocephala
***** Melon-headed Whale "Peponocephala electra" LR/lc
****Genus: Feresa
***** Pygmy Killer Whale "Feresa attenuata" DD
****Genus: Pseudorca
***** False Killer Whale "Pseudorca crassidens" LR/lc
****Genus: Orcinus
***** Orca "Orcinus orca" LR/cd
****Genus: Globicephala
***** Pilot whale "Globicephala macrorhynchus" LR/cd

Order: Carnivora (carnivores)

----
[
thumb|Sable] The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

*Suborder: Feliformia
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
****Genus: Prionailurus
***** Leopard Cat "Prionailurus bengalensis" LC
**Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
***Genus: Herpestes
**** Indian Gray Mongoose "Herpestes edwardsii" LR/lc
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: Vulpes
**** Red Fox "Vulpes vulpes" LC
***Genus: Nyctereutes
**** Raccoon Dog "Nyctereutes procyonoides" LC
***Genus: Canis
**** Gray Wolf "Canis lupus" LC
**Family: Ursidae (bears)
***Genus: Ursus
**** Brown Bear "Ursus arctos" LR/lc
**** Asiatic Black Bear "Ursus thibetanus" VU
**Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
***Genus: Mustela
**** Stoat "Mustela erminea" LR/lc
**** Least Weasel "Mustela nivalis" LR/lc
***Genus: Martes
**** "Martes melampus" LR/lc
**** Sable "Martes zibellina" LR/lc
***Genus: Meles
**** Eurasian Badger "Meles meles" LR/lc
***Genus: Lutra
**** European Otter "Lutra lutra" NT
***Genus: Enhydra
**** Sea Otter "Enhydra lutris" EN
**Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
***Genus: Callorhinus
**** Northern Fur Seal "Callorhinus ursinus" VU
***Genus: Eumetopias
**** Steller Sea Lion "Eumetopias jubatus" EN
***Genus: Zalophus
**** Japanese Sea Lion "Zalophus japonicus" EX
**Family: Odobenidae
***Genus: Odobenus
**** Walrus "Odobenus rosmarus" LR/lc
**Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
***Genus: Erignathus
**** Bearded Seal "Erignathus barbatus" LR/lc
***Genus: Histriophoca
**** Ribbon Seal "Histriophoca fasciata" LR/lc
***Genus: Mirounga
**** Northern Elephant Seal "Mirounga angustirostris" LR/lc
***Genus: Phoca
**** Spotted Seal "Phoca largha" LR/lc
**** Common Seal "Phoca vitulina" LR/lc
***Genus: Pusa
**** Ringed Seal "Pusa hispida" LR/lc

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

----The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

*Family: Suidae (pigs)
**Subfamily: Suinae
***Genus: Sus
**** Boar "Sus scrofa" LR/lc
*Family: Cervidae (deer)
**Subfamily: Cervinae
***Genus: Cervus
**** Sika Deer "Cervus nippon" LR/lc
*Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
**Subfamily: Caprinae
***Genus: Nemorhaedus
**** Japanese Serow "Nemorhaedus crispus" LR/cd

Notes

References

*cite web
url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?kingname=ANIMALIA&phyname=CHORDATA&claname=MAMMALIA&freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B0%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B0%5D=all&country%5B0%5D=JP&aquatic%5B0%5D=all&regions%5B0%5D=all&habitats%5B0%5D=all&threats%5B0%5D=all&Submit_x=34&Submit_y=9&extendedResults=0&terrestrial=0&marine=0&freshwater=0&offset=0&sortorder%5B0%5D=spcscientificname&sortorder%5B1%5D=genname&sortorder%5B2%5D=spcname&sortorder%5B3%5D=spcauthor&sortorder%5B4%5D=spcinfrarank&sortorder%5B5%5D=spcinfraepithet&sortorder%5B6%5D=spcinfrarankauthor&sortorder%5B7%5D=spcstockname&sortorder%5B8%5D=comname_comp&sortorder%5B9%5D=rlcabb&sortorder%5B10%5D=rlscriteria&sortorder%5B11%5D=poptrend_code&sortorder%5B12%5D=rlcatcrit2001&sortorder%5B13%5D=spcrecid&sortorder%5B14%5D=kingname&debug=0&taxa_subspc=0&taxa_stock=0&newsort=Genus
title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Japan
publisher=IUCN
date=2001
accessdaymonth = 22 May
accessyear=2007
*cite web
url=http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/
title=Mammal Species of the World
publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
date=2005
accessdaymonth = 22 May
accessyear=2007
*cite web
url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
title=Animal Diversity Web
publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
date=1995-2006
accessdaymonth = 22 May
accessyear=2007

ee also

*List of chordate orders
*List of regional mammals lists
*List of prehistoric mammals
*Mammal classification
*New mammal species