Japanese seaplane carrier Wakamiya

"Wakamiya" (Japanese:若宮丸, later 若宮艦) was a seaplane carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy and the first Japanese aircraft carrier. She was converted from a transport ship into a seaplane carrier and commissioned in August 1914. She was equipped with four Japanese-built French Maurice Farman seaplanes (motorized with Renault convert|70|HP|abbr=on engines). In September 1914, she conducted the world's first naval-launched air raids.

Early career

"Wakamiya" was initially a Russian freighter ship named "Lethington", built by Duncan in Port Glasgow, United Kingdom, laid down in 1900 and launched September 21, 1900. She was captured on a voyage from Cardiff to Vladivostok during the Russo-Japanese war in 1905 by a Japanese torpedo boat near Okinoshima. She was acquired by the Japanese government, renamed to "Okinoshima-Maru" until given the official name of "Wakamiya-Maru" on September 1, and from 1907 was managed as a transport ship by NYK. [ [http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/lines/nyk.htm Source NYK] ]

In 1913 she was transferred to the Imperial Japanese Navy and converted to a seaplane carrier, being completed on August 17, 1914. She was a 7,720-ton ship, with a complement of 234. She had two seaplanes on deck and two in reserve. They could be lowered onto the water with a crane, from where they would take off, and then retrieved from the water once their mission was completed.

iege of Tsingtao

From September 5, 1914, she conducted the world's first naval-launched air raids [Wakamiya is "credited with conducting the first successful carrier air raid in history" [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/index.html Source:GlobalSecurity.org] .
On the Western front the first naval air raid occurred on December 25 1914 when twelve seaplanes from HMS' "Engadine", "Riviera" and "Empress" (cross-channel steamers converted into seaplane carriers ) attacked the Zeppelin base at Cuxhaven. The attack was not a success.] from Kiaochow Bay off Tsingtao. Her seaplanes bombarded German-held land targets (communication centers and command centers) in the Tsingtao peninsula of Shandong province and ships in Qiaozhou Bay from September to November 6, 1914, during the Siege of Tsingtao.

British officers also serving in the Battle of Tsingtao commented on the operations of the "Wakamiya":

On September 30, "Wakamiya" struck a German mine and had to be repaired for a week. On this occasion, her seaplanes were transferred on land at Shazikou (沙子口海岸), from where they accomplished further scouting and attack missions:

Altogether, the seaplanes made 49 attacks, dropping 190 bombs on German defenses until the German surrender on November 7. According to the British Naval Attaché to Tokyo, Captain Hon. Hubert Brand, who had been stationed for three months on Imperial Japanese Navy warships throughout the battle, the bombs used by the seaplanes were about equivalent to 12 pdr. shells. [ [http://www.gwpda.org/naval/wtsing.htm Source] ]

Later developments

"Wakamiya" was modified as a regular aircraft carrier with a launch platform on the foredeck in April 1920 (when she was renamed "Wakamiya-kan" 若宮艦). She accomplished in June 1920 the first Japanese take-off from an aircraft carrier. It is thought she had a pioneering role in developing aircraft carrier techniques for the Japanese aircraft carrier "Hosho", [ [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/wakamiya-av.htm Source] ] the first purpose-built aircraft carrier in the world. ["The Imperial Japanese Navy was a pioneer in naval aviation, having commissioned the world's first built-from-the-keel-up carrier, the "Hosho"." [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/ijn.htm Source] .]

She was used as a trials ship after 1924, stricken April 1, 1931 and later scrapped.

The second seaplane carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy was the 1920 "Notoro".

Notes

References

*"Sabre et pinceau", Christian Polak, Chambre de Commerce et d'Industrie Française au Japon.

External links

* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/japan/wakamiya-av.htm IJN Wakayama seaplane carrier] (English)
* [http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/carriers/ijn_sea.htm#waka World aircraft carrier list: IJN Wakamiya] (English)
* [http://www.gwpda.org/naval/wtsing.htm The Wakayama-Maru off Tsingtao] (English)
* [http://www.takahashistamp.com/2note32.htm Operations of Tsingtao] (Japanese)
* [http://www.interq.or.jp/www-user/mahoroba/MUSEUM/nenpyou.html Japanese aviation chronology] (Japanese)