- Republic of China legislative election, 2001
The Election for the 5th Legislative Yuan (五屆立法委員選舉) of the Republic of China (ROC) on
Taiwan was held onDecember 1 ,2001 . All 225 seats of theLegislative Yuan were up for election: 168 elected by popular vote, 41 elected on the basis of the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties, eight elected fromoverseas Chinese constituencies on the basis of the proportion of nationwide votes received by participating political parties, eight elected by popular vote among the aboriginal populations. Members served three year terms fromFebruary 1 ,2002 toFebruary 1 ,2005 The first national
election to be held afterChen Shui-bian 's victory in the 2000 ROC presidential election, the 2001 legislative election resulted for the first time in theKuomintang (KMT) losing its majority and President Chen'sDemocratic Progressive Party to emerging as the largest party in the legislature. However, thePan-Blue Coalition developed between the Kuomintang, thePeople First Party and the New Party, enabled theChinese reunification ist and conservative opposition to muster a slim majority over the pro-Taiwan independence Pan-Green Coalition formed between theDemocratic Progressive Party and theTaiwan Solidarity Union . This resulted in much of President Chen's agenda being derailed or deadlocked for the following three years.The KMT lost its majority for the first time, losing 46 seats and falling to 68 seats. The largest party had become the DPP with 87 seats, followed by the KMT, and the PFP with 46 seats. Various parties and independents held the remainder. The Chinese New Party which lost all of its seat except the one seat on
Quemoy while the newly formedTaiwan Solidarity Union (TSU) captured 13 seats, with independents holding on to 10 seats.Part of the KMT's loss could be attributed to defections to both the People First Party and Taiwan Solidarity Union. The People First Party formed by
James Soong and his supporters after the 2000 presidential elections. Soong had been expelled from the KMT after launching an independent bid for the presidency and narrowly lost the race to Chen Shui-bian. The Taiwan Solidarity Union was formed by supporters of former President and KMT ChairmanLee Teng-hui (who took the title of "spiritual leader" in the party). For this, Lee was also expelled from the KMT. Though the both off-shoots of the Kuomintang, the People First Party advocated a more conservative position than the KMT while the Taiwan Solidarity Union took on a radical pro-independence stance. After Lee's expulsion, the KMT and PFP had a warming of relations and cooperated in the election. The more moderate pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party cooperated with the Taiwan Solidarity Union likewise, leading to the formation of the pan-blue and pan-green coalitions.The KMT's loss in the election could also be attributed partly to the single non-transferable voting scheme in place. Though the DPP won 40% of the seats they only polled 36% of the vote because of the inability of the KMT, PFP, and New Party to coordinate their electoral strategies. This led to more stringent vote allocation strategies by pan-blue in 2004, which helped prevent pan-green from gaining a majority.
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