- Bennet Woodcroft
Bennet Woodcroft FRS (born
20 December 1803 inHeaton Norris ,Lancashire –7 February 1879 ) was an English textile manufacturer, industrial archaeologist, pioneer of marine propulsion, a leading figure in patent reform and the first clerk to the commissioners of patents.Career
Woodcroft was the founder of the
Patent Office Library , now part of theBritish Library , and of thePatent Museum , whose collections are now in the Science Museum.Woodcroft patented fundamental improvements in textile machinery and ship propulsion, and this in turn led to an absorbing interest in the history of the patent procedure. As a result of a reorganization of the
British Patent Office in 1852, he became Superintendent of Specifications. This gave him the opportunity to develop a private collection of historical machinery.When the
South Kensington Museum was being planned in the mid-1850s, the Patent Office, through Woodcroft, was invited to assemble a collection of industrial devices for display. When the Museum opened in 1857, the building incorporated a separate Patent Office Museum and Woodcroft remained its driving force until his retirement in 1876.A born collector Woodcroft, displayed a passion for securing notable items of historical machinery. 1862 was a particularly fruitful year, when due to his efforts, his museum secured ‘Puffing Billy’ the world’s oldest surviving steam railway locomotive (1814), Stephenson’s ‘Rocket’ (1829), which set the design standard for locomotives, and the engine of Henry Bell’s ‘Comet’ (1812), the first steamship to be operated commercially in Europe.
A letter to his subordinate at South Kensington typifies his single-minded approach: ‘Get the Comet engine in all its filth’ he commanded, emphasising the urgency of the quest. The Patent Office Museum also acquired several examples of stationary steam engine, including a Boulton and Watt beam engine which was the oldest surviving of its type in the world.
Without Woodcroft it is doubtful that some of the most important artefacts of the first industrial revolution would have ever been preserved.
Later life
Woodcroft was later Professor of Machinery at
University College London .Woodcroft died in 1879 and is buried inBrompton Cemetery , London. [http://www.brompton.org/Residents.htm]Personal life
He married Agnes Bertha SAWYER (7 September 1833 – 10 March 1903) in Hamstead in the Sep Quarter of 1866. She was born in Bosworth, Leicestershire. He would have been 63 and she 33. They had no children. On the 1871 census they lived alone with servants, on the 1881 census she is widowed living with the cook only
Legacy
His portrait is in the National Portrait Gallery.
References
* [http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/about_us/about_the_museum/collections/about_the_collections/collections_snapshot/patent_office_museum_collection.aspx Bennet Woodcroft and the Patent Office Museum collection] , Science Museum website
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