Baldwin Lake (Illinois)

Infobox lake
lake_name = Baldwin Lake
image_lake =
caption_lake =
image_bathymetry =
caption_bathymetry =
location = Randolph County, Illinois
coords = coord|38|12|36|N|089|52|36|W|region:US-IL_type:waterbody_source:GNIS|display=inline,title
type = cooling pond
inflow = Kaskaskia River
outflow = Kaskaskia River
catchment =
basin_countries = United States
length = convert|2.5|mi|km|abbr=onFact|date=June 2008
width =
area = convert|2018|acre|km2|abbr=on Fact|date=June 2008
depth = convert|8|ft|m|1|abbr=on Fact|date=June 2008
max-depth =
volume =
residence_time =
shore =
elevation = convert|423|m|abbr=on
islands =
cities =
reference = Gnis|1691637|Baldwin Plant Cooling Lake
Gnis|1692409|Baldwin Power Plant Cooling Lake]

Baldwin Lake is a convert|2018|acre|km2 artificial lake which spans part of the border between Randolph County, Illinois and St. Clair County, Illinois.

The lake is part of the Kaskaskia River State Fish and Wildlife Area,near coord|38|13|03|N|089|52|09|W|region:US-IL_source:GNIS Elevation: convert|430|ft|m [Gnis|1820671|Baldwin Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area] ,operated by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, and it is adjacent to, but not part of, the Kaskaskia River. Its elevation may fluctuate with powerplant operations, but averages convert|423|ft|m above sea level.cite book
year = 1991
title = Illinois Atlas and Gazetteer
publisher = DeLorme Mapping
location = Freeport, Maine
id = ISBN 0-89933-213-7 ]

An engineering feat

While most artificial lakes in Illinois are reservoirs created by damming a river or creek, Baldwin Lake is different. It is a purpose-built cooling pond created by building an convert|8|mi|km levee,near coord|38|12|36|N|089|52|36|W|region:US-IL_source:GNIS Elevation: convert|423|ft|m [Gnis|1691636|Baldwin Plant Cooling Lake Dam
Gnis|1692408|Baldwin Power Plant Cooling Lake Dike] ,around a patch of Kaskaskia River bottomland and dredging out sections of the area inside the levee. Its official definition is that it is a "perched cooling lake". Most of the lake is relatively shallow, with an average depth of convert|8|ft|m, but the lake has "holes" that are convert|50|ft|m or more in depth. From the air, Baldwin Lake lacks the convoluted shape of many reservoirs. The lake's water surface is the shape of a rectangle.

Baldwin Lake was built by the "Illinois Power Company" as a cooling pond for its coal-fired Baldwin Generating Station, so called because the nearest town is Baldwin, Illinois. The Baldwin area sits atop a large seam of Illinois coal. The lake was begun in 1967, and completed and filled in 1970. Few if any tributaries naturally flow into Baldwin Lake, and the lake is filled by water pumped from the nearby Kaskaskia River, supplemented by natural precipitation onto the surface of the lake.

With the Baldwin Station, Baldwin Lake has changed hands several times since its construction as a result of corporate takeover activity. The lake and generating plant were acquired by the Dynegy energy holding company in 1999. Soon afterwards, the station ceased to burn Illinois coal, instead burning low-sulfur coal from Wyoming.

As of 2007, the Baldwin Station complex employs 169 workers and is capable of generating up to 1,750 megawatts of power. The large coal-fired boilers at Baldwin require as much as 10 million gallons (38 million liters) of water per day to operate. Some of this water escapes as steam, and the rest is returned, heated, to the lake.

The lake today

While Dynegy continues to own Baldwin Lake, they have transferred the operating rights over much of the lake (except that part closest to the power plant, which is closed to the public for security reasons) to the state of Illinois, which manages the lake for sport fishing. As with many power plant lakes, the lake is stocked with fish that are tolerant of the warm waters discharged from the power plant's boilers, such as largemouth bass and crappie.

Migratory bird species welcome the always-warm waters of Baldwin Lake, with peak populations of 20,000 ducks and 10,000 Canada geese noted. Approximately 200 geese live in and around the lake year-round. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) considers the water quality of Baldwin Lake to be "fair," as is the water quality in the lower Kaskaskia River where most of the water in the lake came from. [cite web
title = Lower Kaskaskia River Watershed
publisher = Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, accessed May 10, 2007.
url = http://www.epa.state.il.us/water/water-quality/report-1996/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-25.html
format = HTML]

The state of Illinois enforces a power limit on the lake, with allowable boat motors imited to no more than 50 horsepower.

Baldwin Lake is accessed from Illinois Route 154, which passes through the nearby towns of Baldwin, Sparta, and Red Bud.

As of 2007, Dynegy has applied for permission to expand the Baldwin Lake complex by 1,500 megawatts. If expanded, the complex would generate 3,250 megawatts.

References

cite web
title = Baldwin Lake State Fish and Wildlife Area
publisher = Illinois Department of Natural Resources
url = http://dnr.state.il.us/lands/Landmgt/PARKS/R4/baldwin.htm
format = HTML