Rikichi Andō

Infobox Military Person
name=Rikichi Andō
lived=3 April 1884 - 19 April 1946
placeofbirth=Miyagi prefecture, Japan
placeofdeath=Shanghai, China


caption=Japanese General Andō Rikichi in 1940
nickname=
allegiance=Empire of Japan
serviceyears=
branch=
rank=General
commands=IJA 5th Division, IJA 21st Army, Japanese Southern China Area Army
unit=
battles=Second Sino-Japanese War
awards=
laterwork=Governor-General of Taiwannihongo|Rikichi Andō|安藤利吉|Andō Rikichi|extra= 3 April 1884 - 19 April 1946 was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and 19th and final Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan from 30 December 1944 to October 1945.

Biography

Early career

Andō was a native of Miyagi Prefecture. He served as an instructor at the Army War College (Japan) from 1924-1925. From 1925-1927, he was sent to British India as a military attaché, and on his return to Japan, served in a number of staff assignments under the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff. He returned to the field in 1928 as commander of the 13th Infantry Regiment, and was promoted to Chief of Staff of the IJA 5th Division in 1930.

From 1931-1932, Andō returned to the General Staff, where he was Chief of Military Administration Section, Military Affairs Bureau. He was appointed military attaché to the United Kingdom from 1932-1934. After his return to Japan, he became Commandant of the Toyoma Army Infantry School, and subsequently commander of the 5th Independent Garrison Unit. From 1937-1938, he was Deputy Inspector-General of Military Training.

The man who started the Pacific War

With the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Andō was given a field assignment as commander of his old unit, the IJN 5th Division in 1938. Later that year, he was promoted to commander in chief of the IJA 21st Army in China, which became part of the Japanese Southern China Area Army in 1939. The Japanese Southern China Area Army was largely a garrison force controlling Japanese-occupied Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces.

In the midst of diplomatic negotiations between Japan and its ally, Vichy France over access to air strips and seaports in French Indochina, Andō took independent initiative and ordered his forces across the border, without prior authorization from the government in Tokyo. Japanese military and political leaders were outraged; however, as the invasion had already occurred, military and political considerations meant that the Japanese government had no choice but to follow through. The unauthorized invasion of French Indochina created a diplomatic confrontation with the West, which led to an oil embargo (and eventually the attack on Pearl Harbor). [ [http://theww2resource.tripod.com/id34.htm] Pacific War Online Encyclopedia] Andō was recalled to Tokyo on 9 February 1941 and forced into retirement as punishment.

Taiwan

In the fall of 1941, Andō was recalled to service, promoted to full general, and given command of the Japanese Tenth Area Army in Taiwan. The 10th Area Army was essentially the Taiwan Army, as it had no additional combat forces assigned to it, and served as a garrison force for the island. Ando became the final Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan on 30 December 1944. [Wendel, Axis History Factbook] After the end of the war, the 10th Area Army was disbanded in September 1945. [ [http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=6744] Wendel, Axis History.com ] .Ando formally surrendered Taiwan to Chinese general Chen Yi on 25 October 1945. [ [http://ww2db.com/other.php?other_id=19] Chen, World War II Database]

Arrested by Chinese authorities and charged with war crimes from his tenure in China, Andō committed suicide by taking poison while in prison in Shanghai before he could come to trial.

References

Books

*cite book
last = Fuller
first = Richard
coauthors =
year = 1992
title = Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai
publisher = Arms and Armor
location = London
id = ISBN 1-85409-151-4
*cite book
last = Shih Shan
first = Henry Tsai
coauthors =
year = 2005
title = Lee Teng-hui and Taiwan's Quest for Identity
publisher = Palgrave Macmillan
location =
id = ISBN 1403970564

External links

*cite web
last = Ammentorp
first = Steep
url = http://www.generals.dk/general/Ando/Rikichi/Japan.html
title = Ando, Rikichi
work = The Generals of World War II
*cite web
last = Budge
first = Kent
url = http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com
title = Ando, Rikichi
work = The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
*cite web
last = Chen
first = Peter
url = http://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=370&list=Ground
title = Ando, Rikichi
work = World War II Database
*cite web
last = Wendel
first = Marcus
url = http://www.axishistory.com/index.php?id=7147
title = Axis History Factbook
work = Governor-Generals of Taiwan

Notes

ee also

* Taiwan under Japanese rule