USS Panay (PR-5)

The second USS "Panay" (PR–5) of the United States Navy was a river gunboat that served on the Yangtze Patrol in China until lost in the Panay incident of 1937.

The vessel was built by Kiangnan Dockyard and Engineering Works, Shanghai, China and launched 10 November 1927. She was sponsored by Mrs. Ellis S. Stone and commissioned 10 September 1928, with Lt. Comdr. James Mackey Lewis in command.

ervice

Built for duty in the Asiatic Fleet on the Yangtze River, "Panay" had as her primary mission the protection of American lives and property frequently threatened in the disturbances that the 1920s and 1930s brought to a China struggling to modernize, create a strong central government, and later counter Japanese aggression. Throughout "Panay’s" service, navigation on the Yangtze was constantly menaced by bandits and soldier outlaws, and "Panay" and her sister ships provided protection for American shipping and nationals, as other foreign forces did for their citizens. Often detachments from "Panay" served as armed guards on American steamers plying the river. In 1931 her commanding officer, Lt. Comdr. R. A. Dyer, reported, “Firing on gunboats and merchant ships have [sic] become so routine that any vessel traversing the Yangtze River sails with the expectation of being fired upon.” “Fortunately," he added, "the Chinese appear to be rather poor marksmen and the ship has, so far, not sustained any casualties in these engagements.” As the Japanese moved through South China, American gunboats evacuated most of the Embassy staff from Nanking during November 1937. "Panay" was assigned as station ship to guard the remaining Americans and take them off at the last moment. They came on board 11 December and "Panay" moved upriver to avoid becoming involved in the fighting around the doomed capital. Three American merchant tankers sailed with her. The Japanese senior naval commander in Shanghai was informed both before and after the fact of this movement. On 12 December, Japanese naval aircraft were ordered by their Army to attack “any and all ships” in the Yangtze above Nanking. Knowing of the presence of "Panay" and the merchantmen, the Imperial Japanese Navy requested verification of the order, which was received before the attack began about 13:27 that day. Although there were several large American flags flown on the ship, as well as one painted atop the cabin, the Japanese planes continued strafing and bombing the area around the "Panay". "Panay" was hit by two of the eighteen 60-kg (132 pound) bombs dropped by three Yokosuka B4Y Type-96 bombers and strafed by nine Nakajima A4N Type-95 fighters.cite journal|author=Swanson, Harland J. |title=The "Panay" Incident: Prelude to Pearl Harbor |publisher=United States Naval Institute Proceedings |date=December 1967] The bombing continued until "Panay" sank at 15:54. Three sailors were killed, and 43 sailors and 5 civilian passengers wounded.

Two newsreel cameramen were present on Panay, Norman Alley (Universal News) and Eric Mayell (Movietone News), and were able to take considerable film during the attack and afterward from shore as the Panay sank in the middle of the river. The newreels are now available online at panay.org (see external links). A formal protest was immediately lodged by the American ambassador. The Japanese government accepted responsibility, but insisted the attack was unintentional. They claimed that the pilots could not distinguish between Chinese and American flags from the distance of 300 or more yards that the pilots attacked. A large indemnity was paid (approximately $2,000,000) on 22 April 1938 and the incident officially settled. However, further deterioration of relations between Japan and the United States continued.

Notes

See also

* USS "Panay" for other Navy vessels of this name.
* List of patrol vessels of the United States Navy
* List of World War II ships of less than 1000 tons
* aftermath of the attack

Further reading

*cite book
last =Koginos
first =Manny T.
authorlink =
coauthors =
year =1967
title =The Panay Incident: Prelude to War
publisher =Purdue University Studies
location =
id =

External links

* [http://www.usspanay.org USSPanay.org memorial website regarding USS Panay and Panay Incident]